Abstract

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most well known species in the genus Salvia of the Lamiaceae with great economic, academic and medicinal value. It was recorded as a traditional Chinese medicine material first in about the second century BC and later in many other ancient books. Salvia miltiorrhiza can be clinically used alone or mixed with other herbs to treat heart and cardiovascular diseases and is beneficial for management of many other diseases. In the last 30 years, S. miltiorrhiza has been studied intensively as a model system for medicinal plant biology. With the available of whole genome sequence of four S. miltiorrhiza lines and a large number of transcriptome, sRNAome and metabolome data, great progresses have been made in biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds, such as tanshinones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and prenylquinones. In this review, the recent results in the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in S. miltiorrhiza were summarized. The effects of biotic and abtiotic factors, plant hormones, transcription factors and noncoding RNAs on bioactive compound biosynthesis were overviewed. The mechanism of cross-talk and coordination among different biosynthetic pathways and the progress of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for various bioactive compounds are also reviewed and discussed.

摘要

丹参是唇形科丹参属中最著名的物种之一，具有重要的经济、学术和药用价值。它最早在公元前二世纪左右被记载为中药材，后来在许多其他古籍中被记载。丹参在临床上可单独使用或与其他草药混合使用，治疗心脏和心血管疾病，并有益于治疗许多其他疾病。在过去的 30 年中，丹参作为药用植物生物学的模型系统得到了深入研究。随着四种丹参全基因组序列的可用结合大量转录组、sRNA组和代谢组数据，丹参酮、酚酸、黄酮类和异戊二烯醌等生物活性化合物的生物合成和调控机制取得了很大进展。在这篇综述中，总结了丹参生物活性化合物生物合成途径的最新研究成果。综述了生物和植物因子、植物激素、转录因子和非编码 RNA 对生物活性化合物生物合成的影响。还综述和讨论了不同生物合成途径之间的串扰和协调机制以及各种生物活性化合物的代谢工程和合成生物学的进展。