Abstract

Background

While typologies of substance use disorder are very informative, they are still scarcer. The aim of this study was to consider a classification system of substance use among adolescents based on types of substance used and levels of use, and to compare identified groups on sociodemographic characteristics, mental and physical health factors, and other psychological indices.

Methods

A total of 23,294 17-year-old French adolescents were assessed on mental health factors (depression, suicide, visits to a mental health professional), physical health factors (health self-perception, body shape perception, body mass index), family relationships, perceptions of substance use risk, and vision of the future.

Results

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis identified four classes of adolescents: ‘Adolescents who use Occasionally/experimentally Tobacco and Alcohol’ (n = 7328, 35.3%), ‘Adolescents who do not use drugs’ (n = 5218, 25.1%), ‘Adolescents who use Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis’ (n = 6804, 32.8%), and ‘Adolescents who use Multi-drugs’ (n = 1403, 6.8%). The two first were mostly high school girls, with no mental and physical health issue, accurate perception of substances uses risk, and positive vision of their future. They differed regarding parental socioeconomic status and body mass index. The two latest were mostly boys, with poor school performance, bad family relationships, mental health issues, incorrect perception of substances uses risk, and negative vision of their future. They differed regarding parental socioeconomic status, weight and weight perception.

Conclusions

Our results confirm the heterogeneous nature of drug use in adolescents, the relevance of typologies, and their importance for future public health policy.

中文翻译：

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具有全国代表性的法国青少年样本中的物质使用类型

摘要

背景

虽然物质使用障碍的类型非常丰富，但它们仍然很少见。本研究的目的是考虑基于物质使用类型和使用水平的青少年物质使用分类系统，并比较已确定的群体的社会人口特征、心理和身体健康因素以及其他心理指标。

方法

共有 23,294 名 17 岁的法国青少年接受了心理健康因素（抑郁症、自杀、心理健康专家就诊）、身体健康因素（健康自我认知、体型认知、体重指数）、家庭关系的评估，对物质使用风险的看法以及对未来的展望。

结果

层次聚类分析确定了四类青少年：“偶尔/实验性使用烟草和酒精的青少年”（n  = 7328, 35.3%）、“不吸毒的青少年”（n  = 5218, 25.1%）、“吸毒的青少年”烟草、酒精、大麻”（n  = 6804, 32.8%）和“使用多种药物的青少年”（n = 1403, 6.8%)。前两名大多是高中女生，没有身心健康问题，对物质使用风险的准确感知，对未来的积极看法。他们在父母的社会经济地位和体重指数方面存在差异。最近的两个主要是男孩，他们的学习成绩差、家庭关系不好、心理健康问题、对物质使用风险的错误认识以及对未来的负面看法。他们在父母的社会经济地位、体重和体重感知方面存在差异。

结论

我们的结果证实了青少年吸毒的异质性、类型的相关性以及它们对未来公共卫生政策的重要性。