Coexistence between livestock grazing and carnivores in rangelands is a major challenge in terms of sustainable agriculture, animal welfare, species conservation and ecosystem function. Many effective non-lethal tools exist to protect livestock from predation, yet their adoption remains limited. Using a social-ecological transformations framework, we present two qualitative models that depict transformative change in rangelands grazing. Developed through participatory processes with stakeholders from South Africa and the United States of America, the models articulate drivers of change and the essential pathways to transition from routine lethal management of carnivores towards mutually beneficial coexistence. The pathways define broad actions that incorporate multiple values in grazing systems including changes to livestock management practices, financial support, industry capacity building, research, improved governance and marketing initiatives. A key finding is the new concept of ‘Predator Smart Farming’, a holistic and conscientious approach to agriculture, which increases the resilience of landscapes, animals (domesticated and wild) and rural livelihoods. Implementation of these multiple pathways would lead to a future system that ensures thriving agricultural communities, secure livelihoods, reduced violence toward animals, and landscapes that are productive and support species conservation and coexistence.

在可持续农业、动物福利、物种保护和生态系统功能方面，牧场放牧和食肉动物之间的共存是一项重大挑战。存在许多有效的非致命工具来保护牲畜免受捕食，但它们的采用仍然有限。使用社会生态转型框架，我们提出了两个定性模型，描述了牧场放牧的转型变化。通过与来自南非和美国的利益相关者的参与过程开发，这些模型阐明了变革的驱动因素和从食肉动物的常规致命管理过渡到互利共存的基本途径。这些途径定义了广泛的行动，这些行动在放牧系统中包含了多种价值，包括改变牲畜管理做法，财政支持、行业能力建设、研究、改进治理和营销举措。一个关键发现是“捕食者智能农业”的新概念，这是一种全面而认真的农业方法，可提高景观、动物（驯养和野生）和农村生计的复原力。这些多重途径的实施将导致未来的系统，确保繁荣的农业社区，保障生计，减少对动物的暴力行为，以及具有生产力和支持物种保护和共存的景观。动物（驯养和野生）和农村生计。这些多种途径的实施将导致未来的系统，确保繁荣的农业社区，保障生计，减少对动物的暴力行为，以及具有生产力和支持物种保护和共存的景观。动物（驯养和野生）和农村生计。这些多种途径的实施将导致未来的系统，确保繁荣的农业社区，保障生计，减少对动物的暴力行为，以及具有生产力和支持物种保护和共存的景观。