Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease which seriously affects the maternal and infant outcomes. With the progress of the medical technology, more attention has been paid on the nursing intervention for GDM patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of comprehensive nursing intervention on maternal and infant outcomes for GDM patients.

Methods

Ninety-three GDM patients were randomly divided into intervention group (45 cases) and control group (48 cases). During the perinatal period, the control group received the routine nursing (one-off health education and nutrition and exercise guidance, regular pregnancy monitoring, regular postpartum care, etc.). The intervention group received the comprehensive nursing intervention including psychological intervention, health education, diet control, exercise intervention, pregnancy monitoring, and prevention of postpartum complications. The pregnancy indexes, anxiety and depression scores, pregnancy outcome, perinatal infant condition, and nursing satisfaction degree were compared between two groups.

Results

After nursing, compared with control group, in intervention group, the pregnancy weight gain, amniotic fluid index, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly decreased; the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.01); the incidences of gestational hypertension, premature birth, hydramnion, cesarean section, fetal distress, urinary tract infection, and postpartum hemorrhage were significantly decreased (p < 0.05); and the incidences of neonatal hypoglycemia, asphyxia neonatorum, and hyperbilirubinemia in intervention group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction rate in intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

For patients with GDM, the appropriate comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively improve the maternal and infant outcomes.

中文翻译：

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综合护理干预对妊娠期糖尿病患者母婴结局的影响

背景

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种严重影响母婴结局的疾病。随着医疗技术的进步，对GDM患者的护理干预越来越受到重视。本研究旨在探讨综合护理干预对 GDM 患者母婴结局的影响。

方法

93例GDM患者随机分为干预组（45例）和对照组（48例）。对照组在围产期接受常规护理（一次性健康教育和营养与运动指导、定期孕期监护、定期产后护理等）。干预组接受包括心理干预、健康教育、饮食控制、运动干预、妊娠监测、产后并发症预防等综合护理干预。比较两组妊娠指标、焦虑抑郁评分、妊娠结局、围产儿状况、护理满意度。

结果

护理后，与对照组相比，干预组孕期体重增加、羊水指数、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白均显着降低；自评焦虑量表和自评抑郁量表得分显着下降（p  < 0.01）；妊娠期高血压、早产、羊水、剖宫产、胎儿窘迫、尿路感染、产后出血的发生率显着降低（p  < 0.05）；干预组新生儿低血糖、新生儿窒息、高胆红素血症发生率明显降低（p < 0.05)。干预组护理满意度显着高于对照组（p  < 0.05）。

结论

对于GDM患者，适当的综合护理干预可有效改善母婴结局。