Systems-of-systems (SoS) are gaining increasing attention for the realization of safety-relevant applications with reliability and real-time requirements, by coordinating autonomous constituent systems from different application areas. For a given application that is initiated at a constituent system, the provision and use of services between constituent systems must be coordinated. This involves identifying constituent systems that can provide the services, optimizing the use of the services driven by extra-functional properties, performing admission control for service provision, reserving resources for provided services, and recursively using services from subcontracted constituent systems to realize service provisions. In this article, new conceptual models with service provisioning for reliable and deterministic SoS applications, as well as, distributed algorithms for the discovery, optimized selection, and admission of service provisions are introduced. The proposed models will result in a two-step admission control algorithm with short- and long-term admissions based on schedulabiliy tests, resulting in service provisions between constituent systems. Furthermore, this article will investigate the integration of cloud resources for the on-demand instantiation of services. The models and the service coordination are evaluated in a use case from the health-care domain, which investigates the execution time and the scalability of the service coordination.

中文翻译：

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可靠和确定性系统的增量、分布式和并发服务协调

通过协调来自不同应用领域的自主组成系统，系统系统 (SoS) 越来越受到关注，以实现具有可靠性和实时性要求的安全相关应用。对于在组成系统上启动的给定应用程序，必须协调组成系统之间服务的提供和使用。这涉及识别可以提供服务的组成系统，优化由功能外属性驱动的服务的使用，执行服务提供的准入控制，为提供的服务预留资源，以及递归使用来自分包组成系统的服务来实现服务提供。在本文中，为可靠和确定性 SoS 应用程序提供服务的新概念模型，以及，介绍了用于发现、优化选择和服务条款准入的分布式算法。所提出的模型将产生基于可调度性测试的短期和长期准入的两步准入控制算法，从而在组成系统之间提供服务。此外，本文将研究云资源的集成以实现服务的按需实例化。模型和服务协调在来自医疗保健领域的用例中进行评估，该用例调查服务协调的执行时间和可扩展性。所提出的模型将产生基于可调度性测试的短期和长期准入的两步准入控制算法，从而在组成系统之间提供服务。此外，本文将研究云资源的集成以实现服务的按需实例化。模型和服务协调在来自医疗保健领域的用例中进行评估，该用例调查服务协调的执行时间和可扩展性。所提出的模型将产生基于可调度性测试的短期和长期准入的两步准入控制算法，从而在组成系统之间提供服务。此外，本文将研究云资源的集成以实现服务的按需实例化。模型和服务协调在来自医疗保健领域的用例中进行评估，该用例调查服务协调的执行时间和可扩展性。