Abstract—

The review discusses the present-day data on the biochemistry, bioenergetics, and genetics of acetogens, as well as their biotechnological potential. Acetogens are anaerobic gram-positive bacteria capable of growth on gaseous substrates: CO₂, CO, H₂. These bacteria have a characteristic biochemical pathway of CO₂ reduction to acetyl-CoA, termed the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway or the Wood‒Ljungdahl pathway. This is the only pathway of CO₂ fixation coupled to energy storage. Due to their efficient non-photosynthetic CO₂ fixation, acetogens may be used for production of chemicals and biofuel in the expected economy based on renewable energy and resources. The shortcomings of acetogens growing on gaseous substrates are low energy provision and a narrow spectrum of terminal metabolites, primarily acetic acid and ethanol with low amounts of butanol and butyric acid. Acetogens are capable of heterotrophic growth on such substrates as sugars, lactate, or alcohols. Mixotrophy, i.e., simultaneous utilization of different substrates by acetogens, is a promising approach to increasing the energy provision. Application of the methods of metabolic engineering is required both for successful coupling of different metabolic pathways and for broadening the range of synthesized products. Genetic tools for the transformation of genomes of acetogens have been considerably improved in recent years.

中文翻译：

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Acetogens：生物化学、生物能量学、遗传学和生物技术潜力

摘要——

该评论讨论了产乙酸菌的生物化学、生物能量学和遗传学的当今数据，以及它们的生物技术潜力。产乙酸菌是厌氧革兰氏阳性菌，能够在气态底物上生长：CO ₂、CO、H ₂。这些细菌具有将 CO ₂还原为乙酰辅酶 A的特征性生化途径，称为还原性乙酰辅酶 A 途径或 Wood-Ljungdahl 途径。这是 CO ₂固定与能量存储耦合的唯一途径。由于它们高效的非光合作用 CO ₂在基于可再生能源和资源的预期经济中，产乙酸可用于生产化学品和生物燃料。在气态底物上生长的产乙酸菌的缺点是能量供应低和末端代谢物谱窄，主要是乙酸和乙醇以及少量丁醇和丁酸。产乙酸菌能够在糖、乳酸盐或醇等底物上异养生长。Mixotrophy，即产乙酸菌同时利用不同的底物，是增加能量供应的一种很有前景的方法。代谢工程方法的应用对于不同代谢途径的成功耦合和扩大合成产品的范围都是必需的。