This article pursues an original line of inquiry by placing E.H. Carr in direct relation with his contemporary, Max Horkheimer. Although Carr is often cited as a progenitor by realists and critical theorists, these invocations of ancestry rarely go beyond passing references to Carr in presentist terms—i.e., how he relates to their present-day projects. By means of an extensive engagement with Horkheimer and Carr, the article reveals a shared commitment to ideology critique directed at bourgeois civilization. The article demonstrates that Carr's epistemology, critique of the harmony of interests, complex treatment of utopianism, and theorization of social transformation all have their counterparts in Horkheimer. The recovery of Carr's depth and sophistication as a theorist by means of a comparison of his positions with those of Horkheimer shows that at the time of its composition The Twenty Years’ Crisis was a cutting-edge exercise in critique by a theorist working on an ambitious canvas of civilizational scale. The article concludes with a section that demonstrates the continued relevance of Carr and Horkheimer by reference to contemporary debates about the crises currently affecting the liberal international order.

中文翻译：

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理论化危机中的自由秩序当时和现在：回到卡尔和霍克海默

本文通过将 EH Carr 与他的同时代人 Max Horkheimer 建立直接关系来追求原始的探究路线。尽管卡尔经常被现实主义者和批判理论家引用为祖先，但这些对祖先的引用很少超出以现在论的术语对卡尔的引用——即，他如何与他们当前的项目相关联。通过与霍克海默和卡尔的广泛接触，文章揭示了对针对资产阶级文明的意识形态批判的共同承诺。文章表明，卡尔的认识论、对利益和谐的批判、对乌托邦主义的复杂处理以及对社会转型的理论化都在霍克海默那里得到了对应。卡尔的康复 通过将他的立场与霍克海默的立场进行比较，他作为理论家的深度和老练表明，在其创作时，二十年的危机是一位理论家在雄心勃勃的文明画布上进行的前沿批判活动。规模。文章最后有一节通过参考当代关于当前影响自由国际秩序的危机的辩论来证明卡尔和霍克海默的持续相关性。