Bisphenol S (BPS), an analogue of the controversial bisphenol A (BPA) that is found in epoxy resins and plastics, is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical that can mimic endogenous hormone signaling. However, little is known about the behavioral or immunologic effects of BPS. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of diets in BPS-treated mice in relation to hyperglycemia, development of type 1 diabetes, immunomodulation, and behavioral changes. Adult male and female nonobese diabetic excluded flora (NODEF) mice were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of BPS (VH, 30, or 300 μg/kg BW) and fed either a soy-based diet, a phytoestrogen-free diet, or a Western diet. NODEF male mice fed a soy-based diet exhibited a decreased curiosity/desire to explore, and possibly increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased short-term memory when exposed to BPS (300 μg/kg BW). In addition, these mice had significant increases in non-fasting blood glucose levels along with increased insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance, resistance to fasting and proinflammation. Although BPS had little effect on the glucose parameters in NODEF male mice fed a Western diet, there were decreases in %CD24⁺CD5⁺ and %B220⁺CD40L^–cell populations and increases in distance traveled during the novel object test, suggesting hyperactivity. NODEF females fed a phytoestrogen-free diet exhibited slight decreases in time spent immobile during the tail suspension test in both the 30 and 300 μg/kg BW dose groups along with increases in %CD4⁺CD8⁺ and %Mac3⁺CD45R⁺ cell populations, signifying increased hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior. In conclusion, BPS-exposed NODEF mice exhibited sex and diet-related changes in hyperglycemia, behaviors and immune endpoints.

双酚 S (BPS) 是在环氧树脂和塑料中发现的有争议的双酚 A (BPA) 的类似物，是一种潜在的内分泌干扰化学物质，可以模拟内源性激素信号传导。然而，关于 BPS 的行为或免疫效应知之甚少。本研究的目的是检查 BPS 治疗小鼠的饮食对高血糖、1 型糖尿病的发展、免疫调节和行为改变的影响。成年雄性和雌性非肥胖糖尿病排除菌群 (NODEF) 小鼠暴露于环境相关剂量的 BPS（VH，30 或 300 μg/kg BW），并喂以大豆为主的饮食、无植物雌激素的饮食或西方的饮食。喂食大豆饮食的 NODEF 雄性小鼠表现出降低的好奇心/探索欲望，当暴露于 BPS (300 μg/kg BW) 时，可能会增加焦虑样行为并减少短期记忆。此外，这些小鼠的非空腹血糖水平显着增加，同时胰岛素敏感性增加、葡萄糖耐量降低、对禁食和促炎产生抵抗。尽管 BPS 对喂食西方饮食的 NODEF 雄性小鼠的葡萄糖参数影响不大，但 %CD24 下降⁺ CD5 ⁺和 %B220 ⁺ CD40L ^–细胞群和新物体测试期间行进距离的增加，表明多动症。喂食无植物雌激素饮食的 NODEF 雌性在 30 和 300 μg/kg BW 剂量组的悬尾试验期间表现出不动的时间略有减少，同时 %CD4 ⁺ CD8 ⁺和 %Mac3 ⁺ CD45R ⁺细胞群增加，表示多动和焦虑样行为增加。总之，暴露于 BPS 的 NODEF 小鼠在高血糖、行为和免疫终点方面表现出与性别和饮食相关的变化。