Abstract

Leaf morphology and anatomy are important criteria to evaluate plant tolerance to salinity stress. Therefore, in this study the morphophysiological responses of strawberry (Fragaria’× anansa Duchesne “Camarosa”) plants treated with nanosilicon (nSiO₂) were investigated under salt-stress conditions. The plants in a complete nutrient solution designed for strawberry were exposed to salt stress (0, 25, or 50 mM NaCl) and treated with nanosilicon before (0, 50, or 100 mg L⁻¹) or after (0 or 50 mg L⁻¹) floweringConcentrations of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and calcium (Ca) increased in plants exposed to salt stress, whereas silicon (Si), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) decreased. In the presence of nanosilicon, strawberry plants absorbed K, P, and Ca from the nutrient solution and transferred the nutrients to leaves effectively. Only a little amount of Ca, Cl, or Na was transferred to leaves with presence of nanosilicon. The adverse effects of salinity on phyllochron, flowering, and fruit set, and fruit production parameters were suppressed by application of nanosilicon. Analysis by optical microscopy revealed that salt stress limited the number of parenchyma cells, leaf thickness, epidermis cell thickness, and mesophyll thickness, thereby leading to restrictions in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency. Nanosilicon application reduced negative effects of salinity by improving cell wall thickness, providing higher content of water, and leading to increased chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Overall, these observations indicated that application of nanosilicon can suppress the adverse effect of salinity on anatomical and physiological changes of strawberry plants.

摘要

叶片形态和解剖结构是评估植物对盐分胁迫耐受性的重要标准。因此，在本研究中，研究了在盐胁迫条件下用纳米硅 (nSiO ₂ )处理的草莓 ( Fragaria'× anansa Duchesne “Camarosa”) 植物的形态生理响应。为草莓设计的完整营养液中的植物暴露于盐胁迫（0、25 或 50 mM NaCl）并在（0、50 或 100 mg L ^-1）之前或之后（0 或 50 mg L ⁻¹) 开花 暴露于盐胁迫的植物中钠 (Na)、氯 (Cl) 和钙 (Ca) 的浓度增加，而硅 (Si)、钾 (K) 和磷 (P) 的浓度降低。在纳米硅的存在下，草莓植株从营养液中吸收钾、磷和钙，并将养分有效地转移到叶片上。在纳米硅存在的情况下，只有少量的 Ca、Cl 或 Na 被转移到叶子上。纳米硅的应用抑制了盐度对叶轮、开花、坐果和果实生产参数的不利影响。光学显微镜分析表明，盐胁迫限制了薄壁组织细胞数量、叶片厚度、表皮细胞厚度和叶肉厚度，从而限制了叶绿素含量和光合效率。纳米硅应用通过改善细胞壁厚度、提供更高的水含量以及导致叶绿素含量和荧光增加来减少盐度的负面影响。总的来说，这些观察表明纳米硅的应用可以抑制盐度对草莓植株解剖和生理变化的不利影响。