The simultaneous achievement of ultrafast water vapor transport and evaporation, robust mechanical properties, rapid heat dissipation, and excellent antibacterial activity is still highly challenging for advanced bio-based degradable textile composites. Herein, multifunctional biodegradable composite fibers were designed via converting the cellulose powder into solvent-free spherical cellulose crystal fluids (CNCfs) followed by embedding into bio-based polylactic acid (PLA) fibrous membrane using the electrospinning. By taking full advantage of the low viscosity, amphiphilicity and high dispersion of CNCfs, the as-prepared bio-based fibrous membranes with tunable surface chemical and excellent mechanical properties (simultaneous plasticizing and reinforcement) were obtained. Due to the unique bilayer ion structure of the CNCfs located on the surface of PLA fiber after the electrospinning process, the fibrous membrane shows prominent superhydrophilicity (water contact angle of 0°) along with enhanced absorption water capacity and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 3.612 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ (81 times higher than the pure PLA fibrous membrane). Moreover, the hygroscopicity-inspired design also endows PLA/CNCfs fibrous membrane with antistatic performance, rapid heat dissipation (decreased by 2 °C relative to the PLA bulk) with high thermal conductivity of 0.27 W/mK and excellent antibacterial activity of 98.5% and 92.7% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Overall, this facile and effective strategy provides a promising route for the fabrication of multifunctional biodegradable fibrous membranes for use in environmental-friendly medical textiles, personal protection and human health applications.

同时实现超快的水蒸气传输和蒸发、强大的机械性能、快速散热和优异的抗菌活性对于先进的生物基可降解纺织复合材料仍然是极具挑战性的。在此，多功能可生物降解复合纤维的设计是通过将纤维素粉末转化为无溶剂球形纤维素晶体液 (CNCfs)，然后使用静电纺丝嵌入生物基聚乳酸 (PLA) 纤维膜中。通过充分利用 CNCfs 的低粘度、两亲性和高分散性，制备出具有可调表面化学和优异机械性能（同时增塑和增强）的生物基纤维膜。由于静电纺丝工艺后位于 PLA 纤维表面的 CNCfs 独特的双层离子结构，纤维膜显示出突出的超亲水性（水接触角为 0°）以及增强的吸水容量和水蒸气透过率（WVTR） 3.612 kg m ^-2  h ^-1（比纯PLA纤维膜高81倍）。此外，受吸湿性启发的设计还赋予 PLA/CNCfs 纤维膜抗静电性能、快速散热（相对于 PLA 块体降低 2°C）、0.27 W/mK 的高导热率和 98.5% 的优异抗菌活性和分别针对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌92.7% 。总体而言，这种简便有效的策略为制造用于环保医用纺织品、个人防护和人类健康应用的多功能可生物降解纤维膜提供了一条有前景的途径。