Two natural zeolite-bearing rocks (one containing clinoptilolite and the other chabazite, phillipsite, and analcime) were Fe-exchanged and thermally treated in a reducing atmosphere at 750 °C for 2 h. Two nanocomposites, formed by the dispersion of Fe nanoparticles in a ceramic matrix, were obtained. The prepared lunar dust simulants also contain Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ and other mineral phases originally present in the starting materials. The samples were fully characterized by different techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, followed by Rietveld analysis, transmission electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption/desorption analysis at 77 K, measurements of grain size distribution, magnetic property measurements, broad-band dielectric spectroscopy, and DC conductivity measurements. The results of this characterization showed that the obtained metal–ceramic nanocomposites exhibit a chemical and mineralogical composition and electrical and magnetic properties similar to real moon dust and, thus, appear valid moon dust simulants.

中文翻译：

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模拟月球凝集物生产的新见解：天然含沸石岩石的使用

两种天然含沸石的岩石（一种含有斜发沸石，另一种含有菱沸石、菱沸石和方沸石）在 750°C 的还原气氛中进行 Fe 交换和热处理 2 小时。获得了两种纳米复合材料，它们是由 Fe 纳米颗粒分散在陶瓷基体中形成的。制备的月球尘埃模拟物还含有Na ⁺、K ⁺、Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺以及其他初始存在于起始材料中的矿物相。样品通过原子吸收光谱、X 射线粉末衍射、Rietveld 分析、透射电子显微镜、N ₂等不同技术进行了全面表征。77 K 下的吸附/解吸分析、粒度分布测量、磁性能测量、宽带介电光谱和直流电导率测量。这种表征的结果表明，所获得的金属陶瓷纳米复合材料具有与真实月球尘埃相似的化学和矿物组成以及电和磁特性，因此出现了有效的月球尘埃模拟物。