The establishment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of their power-conversion efficiency (PCE) over silicon-based solar cells is undeniable. The state-of-art of easy device fabrications of PSCs has enabled them to rapidly gain a place in third-generation photovoltaic technology. Numerous obstacles remain to be addressed in device efficiency and stability. Low performance owing to easily degraded surface and deterioration of perovskite film quality resulting from humidity are issues that often arise. This work explored a new approach to producing high-quality perovskite films prepared under high relative humidity (RH = 40%–50%). In particular, the ubiquitous 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBp) was introduced into lead iodide (PbI₂) precursor as an additive, and the films were fabricated using a two-step deposition method followed by a delay-deposition technique of methylammonium iodide (MAI). High crystallinity and controlled nucleation of MAI were needed, and this approach revealed the significance of time control to ensure high-quality films with large grain size, high crystallography, wide coverage on substrate, and precise and evenly coupled MAI molecules to PbI₂ films. Compared with the two-step method without time delay, a noticeable improvement in PCE from 3.2 to 8.3% was achieved for the sample prepared with 15 s time delay. This finding was primarily due to the significant enhancement in the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor of the device. This strategy can effectively improve the morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films, as well as reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers and increase of current density of devices, thereby achieving improved photovoltaic performance.

不可否认，钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的功率转换效率（PCE）优于硅基太阳能电池。PSC 的简单设备制造的最先进技术使其能够迅速在第三代光伏技术中占据一席之地。在设备效率和稳定性方面仍有许多障碍需要解决。由于表面容易降解而导致性能低下，以及湿度导致钙钛矿薄膜质量下降是经常出现的问题。这项工作探索了一种在高相对湿度（RH = 40%–50%）下制备高质量钙钛矿薄膜的新方法。特别是，无处不在的 4-叔丁基吡啶 (tBp) 被引入碘化铅 (PbI ₂) 前驱体作为添加剂，使用两步沉积法和甲基碘化铵 (MAI) 的延迟沉积技术制造薄膜。需要高结晶度和受控的 MAI 成核，这种方法揭示了时间控制的重要性，以确保高质量的薄膜具有大晶粒尺寸、高结晶、广泛的基材覆盖率以及精确且均匀的 MAI 分子与 PbI ₂耦合电影。与无延时的两步法相比，延时 15 秒制备的样品的 PCE 显着提高，从 3.2% 提高到 8.3%。这一发现主要是由于器件的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子的显着提高。该策略可以有效改善钙钛矿薄膜的形貌和结晶度，减少光生载流子的复合，增加器件的电流密度，从而提高光伏性能。