For many students, the COVID-19 pandemic caused once-in-a-lifetime disruptions of daily life. In March 2020, during the beginning of the outbreak in the Netherlands, we used ecological momentary assessment to follow 80 undergraduate students four times per day for 14 days to assess mental health, social contact, and COVID-19-related variables. Despite rapidly increasing rates of infections and deaths, we observed decreases in anxiety, loneliness, and COVID-19-related concerns, especially in the first few days. Other mental health variables, such as stress levels, remained stable, whereas depressive symptoms increased. Despite social-distancing measures implemented by the Dutch government halfway through our study, students showed no changes in the frequency of in-person social activities. Dynamic network models identified potential vicious cycles between mental health variables and being alone, which predicted concerns about COVID-19 and was followed by further mental health problems. Findings and implications are discussed in detail.

对于许多学生来说，COVID-19 大流行对日常生活造成了千载难逢的破坏。2020 年 3 月，在荷兰爆发疫情之初，我们使用生态瞬时评估对 80 名本科生进行了为期 14 天、每天四次的跟踪，以评估心理健康、社交接触和 COVID-19 相关变量。尽管感染率和死亡率迅速上升，但我们观察到焦虑、孤独和与 COVID-19 相关的担忧有所减少，尤其是在最初几天。其他心理健康变量，如压力水平，保持稳定，而抑郁症状有所增加。尽管荷兰政府在我们的研究进行到一半时实施了社交疏远措施，但学生的面对面社交活动频率没有变化。动态网络模型确定了心理健康变量和孤独之间潜在的恶性循环，这预示了对 COVID-19 的担忧，随后会出现进一步的心理健康问题。调查结果和影响进行了详细讨论。