Batteries are considered as an attractive candidate for grid-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) application due to their scalability and versatility of frequency integration, and peak/capacity adjustment. Since adding ESSs in power grid will increase the cost, the issue of economy, that whether the benefits from peak cutting and valley filling can compensate for the cost input of adding energy storage system or not, is particularly concerned. Here we show how the cost of battery deployment can potentially be minimized by carrying out an economic assessment for the cases of different batteries applied in ESSs. To make this analysis, we develop a techno-economic model and apply it to the cases of ESSs with batteries in applications. Our results show that batteries could be attractive for investors even now if appropriate batteries are selected for ESSs applications. Valve regulated lead acid batteries has a lower cost of initial investment, which is suitable for the situations that are sensitive to the initial investment cost. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄, LFP) battery can be applied in the situations with a high requirement for service life. While zinc-air batteries still have great application prospects to cope with resource depletion due to excellent performance, low cost and low pollution. The current policy debate should therefore be refocused so as to promote technological development and to encompass the removal of such barriers.

电池由于其可扩展性和频率集成的多功能性以及峰值/容量调整，被认为是电网规模储能系统 (ESS) 应用的有吸引力的候选者。由于电网增设储能系统会增加成本，因此削峰填谷的收益能否弥补增设储能系统的成本投入，经济性问题尤其值得关注。在这里，我们展示了如何通过对应用于 ESS 的不同电池的情况进行经济评估来最大限度地降低电池部署成本。为了进行这种分析，我们开发了一个技术经济模型，并将其应用于应用中带有电池的 ESS 案例。我们的结果表明，如果为 ESS 应用选择合适的电池，即使现在电池对投资者也具有吸引力。阀控式铅酸蓄电池初期投资成本较低，适用于对初期投资成本敏感的场合。磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄、LFP)电池可应用于对使用寿命要求较高的场合。而锌空气电池由于性能优异、成本低、污染小，在应对资源枯竭方面仍有很大的应用前景。因此，当前的政策辩论应该重新聚焦，以促进技术发展并消除这些障碍。