Many previous studies have documented the changes in rainfall patterns along the Western coast of India. The Western Ghats of India comprising of coastal regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala regions are facing the worst floods and droughts in recent years. Changes in low-level horizontal wind circulation due to the change in sea surface temperature over the northern Arabian Sea have been reported by many studies. This work highlights the role of surface–subsurface variations in temperature over the Arabian Sea in governing rainfall variability over the Western Ghats. The subsurface flow of water masses from the Southern Indian Ocean into the Arabian Sea or vice versa along the Somalia–Oman coast can increase or decrease the depth of the thermocline. Deepening or shoaling of thermocline depth in the central Arabian Sea can further lead to changes in the surface temperatures. The rainfall variability over the Western Ghats is predominantly governed by the sea surface temperature (SST) variations over the Arabian Sea. The shoaling of thermocline due to an increase in Ekman upwelling and decrease in the subsurface water flow has decreased SST in the Arabian Sea in the recent decade. This decrease in SST can lead to a decrease in the rainfall over the Western Ghats. This study also reports an interdecadal oscillation in the surface-subsurface coupling over the Arabian Sea.

许多先前的研究记录了印度西海岸降雨模式的变化。包括马哈拉施特拉邦、卡纳塔克邦和喀拉拉邦沿海地区在内的印度西高止山脉正面临近年来最严重的洪水和干旱。许多研究已经报道了由于阿拉伯海北部海面温度变化引起的低层水平风环流变化。这项工作强调了阿拉伯海地表-地下温度变化在控制西高止山脉降雨变化方面的作用。水团从南印度洋流入阿拉伯海或沿索马里-阿曼海岸流入阿拉伯海的地下流动可以增加或减少温跃层的深度。阿拉伯海中部温跃层深度的加深或浅浅化会进一步导致地表温度的变化。西高止山脉的降雨变化主要受阿拉伯海海面温度 (SST) 变化的影响。近十年来，由于埃克曼上升流的增加和地下水流的减少，温跃层的浅滩降低了阿拉伯海的海温。海温的降低会导致西高止山脉的降雨量减少。这项研究还报告了阿拉伯海地表-地下耦合的年代际振荡。近十年来，由于埃克曼上升流的增加和地下水流量的减少，温跃层的浅滩降低了阿拉伯海的海温。海温的降低会导致西高止山脉的降雨量减少。这项研究还报告了阿拉伯海地表-地下耦合的年代际振荡。近十年来，由于埃克曼上升流的增加和地下水流的减少，温跃层的浅滩降低了阿拉伯海的海温。海温的降低会导致西高止山脉的降雨量减少。这项研究还报告了阿拉伯海地表-地下耦合的年代际振荡。