Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms have been investigated for almost 50 years. Continuous oil spillages necessitate a further understanding of the toxicological effects of PH on brachyuran crabs. Crabs can be exposed to PH through various routes such as the water column, sediment and diet. Numerous investigations have been dedicated to evaluating PH toxicity on different life stages of crab species, but the majority of them have focused on the blue crab Callinectes sapidus as it represents an edible and favourable seafood commodity for human consumption. The objective of the review is to critically assess studies related to PH toxicity on different life stages of 41 crab species representing 13 families across the world. Several physiological, biochemical and genetic endpoints of marine crabs were evaluated in addition to the sublethal effects of PH on crab metabolism, behaviour, moulting, growth and survival. A concise summary of PH deleterious effects on different taxonomic species of marine crabs is discussed and provides evidence that crabs can be used as indicator organisms of biomarker significance for marine pollution. Overall, larval stages appeared to be the most sensitive to the deleterious effects of PH compared with juveniles and adults. However, adult stages have received more research attention than other life stages, followed by larval stages, and juvenile stages are the least investigated stages with respect to PH toxicity. Finally, hepatopancreas and gills were the organs where greatest accumulation of PH was recorded.

中文翻译：

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石油烃对 Brachyuran 蟹的毒性：石油相关异生素对生命阶段有害影响的综述

近 50 年来，人们研究了石油烃 (PH) 在水生生物中的毒性和生物蓄积性。持续的石油泄漏需要进一步了解 PH 对短尾蟹的毒理学影响。螃蟹可以通过水柱、沉积物和饮食等多种途径接触 PH。许多研究致力于评估螃蟹不同生命阶段的 PH 毒性，但其中大多数都集中在蓝蟹身上刺槐因为它代表了一种可供人类食用的可食用和有利的海产品。审查的目的是批判性地评估与 PH 毒性相关的研究，这些研究对代表全球 13 个科的 41 种蟹的不同生命阶段进行。除了 PH 对螃蟹代谢、行为、换羽、生长和存活的亚致死影响外，还评估了海蟹的几个生理、生化和遗传终点。讨论了 PH 对不同分类海洋螃蟹的有害影响的简明总结，并提供了螃蟹可用作海洋污染生物标志物意义的指示生物的证据。总体而言，与幼鱼和成鱼相比，幼虫阶段似乎对 PH 的有害影响最敏感。然而，成人阶段比其他生命阶段受到更多的研究关注，其次是幼虫阶段，而幼年阶段是关于 PH 毒性研究最少的阶段。最后，肝胰腺和鳃是记录到最大 PH 积累的器官。