Climate change can degrade a community of Aculeata bees and wasps with important ecosystem roles, such as pollination and predation. In this study, we evaluated patterns in the species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of Aculeata communities along elevational gradients in Miyazaki Prefecture, south of the Japanese archipelago. We used yellow pan traps to collect Aculeata at 200–1600 m above sea level for three seasons. We tested five functional traits (body size, trophic level, feeding guild, flight duration, and elevational range) and horizontal distribution of the species. The species diversity (SD) increased with increasing elevation. Body size, trophic level, and distribution diversity increased with increasing elevation. The community-weighted mean trophic level and flight duration decreased with increasing elevation. PD increased with increasing elevation. The number of northern species increased with increasing elevation. Trophic structure and high seasonal segregation by shortening flight duration should promote high SD at high elevation. The results of PD suggest that geographical barriers preventing the southern species migration decreased SD at low elevations. Community degradation in the lowlands can occur with geographical barriers that limit north–south migration. We show that evaluations of functional traits and phylogeny can reveal the mechanisms underlying community assembly at our sites, where both environmental and geographical conditions affect community assembly.

中文翻译：

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日本列岛九州中央山脉沿海拔梯度的 Aculeata 群落物种、功能和系统发育多样性的变化

气候变化会使具有重要生态系统作用（例如授粉和捕食）的 Aculeata 蜜蜂和黄蜂群落退化。在这项研究中，我们评估了日本列岛南部宫崎县海拔梯度上 Aculeata 群落的物种、功能和系统发育多样性 (PD) 模式。我们使用黄盘陷阱在海拔 200-1600 m 处收集了三个季节的 Aculeata。我们测试了该物种的五个功能特征（体型、营养水平、觅食行会、飞行持续时间和海拔范围）和水平分布。物种多样性（SD）随着海拔的增加而增加。体型、营养水平和分布多样性随着海拔的增加而增加。群落加权平均营养水平和飞行持续时间随着海拔的增加而降低。PD随着海拔的增加而增加。北方物种的数量随着海拔的升高而增加。通过缩短飞行持续时间，营养结构和高季节性隔离应促进高海拔地区的高 SD。PD 的结果表明，阻止南部物种迁移的地理障碍降低了低海拔地区的 SD。由于地理障碍限制了南北迁移，低地的社区退化可能会发生。我们表明，对功能性状和系统发育的评估可以揭示我们地点群落组装的潜在机制，其中环境和地理条件都会影响群落组装。通过缩短飞行持续时间，营养结构和高季节性隔离应促进高海拔地区的高 SD。PD 的结果表明，阻止南部物种迁移的地理障碍降低了低海拔地区的 SD。由于地理障碍限制了南北迁移，低地的社区退化可能会发生。我们表明，对功能性状和系统发育的评估可以揭示我们地点群落组装的潜在机制，其中环境和地理条件都会影响群落组装。通过缩短飞行持续时间，营养结构和高季节性隔离应促进高海拔地区的高 SD。PD 的结果表明，阻止南部物种迁移的地理障碍降低了低海拔地区的 SD。由于地理障碍限制了南北迁移，低地的社区退化可能会发生。我们表明，对功能性状和系统发育的评估可以揭示我们地点群落组装的潜在机制，其中环境和地理条件都会影响群落组装。