The use of haptic technologies has recently become immensely essential in Human-Computer Interaction to improve user experience and performance. With the introduction of tactile feedback on a touchscreen device, commonly known as surface haptics, several applications and interaction paradigms have become a reality. However, the effects of tactile feedback on the preference of 2D images in visuo-tactile exploration task on touchscreen devices remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated differences of preference score (the tendency of participants to like/dislike a 2D image based on its visual and tactile properties), reach time, interaction time, and response time under four conditions of feedback: no tactile feedback, high-quality of tactile information (sharp tactile texture), low-quality of tactile information (blurred tactile texture), and incorrect tactile information (mismatch tactile texture). The tactile feedback is rendered in the form of roughness that is simulated by modulating the friction between the finger and the surface and is derived from the 2D image. Thirty-six participants completed visuo-tactile exploration tasks for a total of 36 trials (3 2D images × 4 tactile textures × 3 repetitions). Results showed that the presence of tactile feedback enhanced users’ preference (tactile feedback conditions were rated significantly higher than the no tactile feedback condition for preference regardless of the quality/correctness of tactile feedback). This finding is also supported through results from self-reporting where 88.89% of participants preferred to experience the 2D image with tactile feedback. Additionally, the presence of tactile feedback resulted in significantly larger interaction time and response time compared to the no tactile feedback condition. Furthermore, the quality and correctness of tactile information significantly impacted the preference rating (sharp tactile textures were rated statistically higher than blurred tactile and mismatched tactile textures). All of these findings demonstrate that tactile feedback plays a crucial role in users’ preference and thus motivates further the development of surface haptic technologies.

中文翻译：

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触觉纹理对视觉触觉探索偏好的影响

触觉技术的使用最近在人机交互中变得非常重要，以改善用户体验和性能。随着在触摸屏设备上引入触觉反馈（通常称为表面触觉），一些应用程序和交互范例已成为现实。然而，在触摸屏设备上的视觉触觉探索任务中，触觉反馈对 2D 图像偏好的影响仍然很大程度上未知。在这项研究中，我们调查了在四种反馈条件下偏好得分（参与者喜欢/不喜欢 2D 图像的视觉和触觉属性的倾向）、到达时间、交互时间和响应时间的差异：没有触觉反馈，高质量的触觉信息（清晰的触觉纹理），低质量的触觉信息（模糊的触觉纹理）和不正确的触觉信息（不匹配的触觉纹理）。触觉反馈以粗糙度的形式呈现，该粗糙度通过调制手指和表面之间的摩擦来模拟，并且源自 2D 图像。36 名参与者完成了总共 36 次试验（3 2D 图像 × 4 触觉纹理 × 3 次重复）的视觉触觉探索任务。结果表明，触觉反馈的存在增强了用户的偏好（无论触觉反馈的质量/正确性如何，触觉反馈条件的偏好明显高于无触觉反馈条件）。这一发现也得到了自我报告的结果的支持，其中 88.89% 的参与者更喜欢体验带有触觉反馈的 2D 图像。此外，与无触觉反馈条件相比，触觉反馈的存在导致交互时间和响应时间显着增加。此外，触觉信息的质量和正确性显着影响偏好评级（清晰的触觉纹理在统计上的评级高于模糊的触觉和不匹配的触觉纹理）。所有这些发现表明，触觉反馈在用户的偏好中起着至关重要的作用，从而推动了表面触觉技术的进一步发展。触觉信息的质量和正确性显着影响偏好评级（尖锐的触觉纹理在统计上的评级高于模糊的触觉和不匹配的触觉纹理）。所有这些发现表明，触觉反馈在用户的偏好中起着至关重要的作用，从而推动了表面触觉技术的进一步发展。触觉信息的质量和正确性显着影响偏好评级（锐利的触觉纹理在统计上的评级高于模糊的触觉和不匹配的触觉纹理）。所有这些发现表明，触觉反馈在用户的偏好中起着至关重要的作用，从而推动了表面触觉技术的进一步发展。