Organophosphates constitute environmentally hazardous molecules that are commonly used in agriculture and various industries and as chemical warfare agents. They are extremely stable compounds with a half-life of up to thousands of years. Because of the lack of a protection against their harmful activities in the environment, recently intensive efforts have been made to design synthetic molecules for their hydrolytic degradation. These molecules include both peptidic (short peptides, three-stranded coiled coils, and four-helix bundles) and nonpeptidic (polyoxometalates, metal–organic frameworks, and organometallic complexes) compounds that are often inspired by the catalytic cores of hydrolytic enzymes. However, because of their structural simplicity, the current synthetic analogs are significantly less efficient than natural enzymes. They lack the effective combination of various chemical factors that provides enormous rate acceleration to enzymes. In this review, we discuss the recent progress made in the design of enzymatic mimics with potential applications in the decontamination of organophosphates.

有机磷酸盐构成对环境有害的分子，通常用于农业和各种工业中，并用作化学战剂。它们是极其稳定的化合物，半衰期长达数千年。由于缺乏针对它们在环境中的有害活动的保护，最近已经进行了大量努力来设计用于它们水解降解的合成分子。这些分子包括肽（短肽、三股螺旋线圈和四螺旋束）和非肽（多金属氧酸盐、金属-有机骨架和有机金属络合物）化合物，它们通常受到水解酶催化核心的启发。然而，由于其结构简单，目前的合成类似物的效率明显低于天然酶。它们缺乏为酶提供巨大速率加速的各种化学因素的有效组合。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在设计酶模拟物方面取得的最新进展，以及在有机磷净化中的潜在应用。