Ethylene (ETH) can induce asymmetric root growth (ARG) in plants to form waves and coiling, which can be eliminated by the ETH perception antagonist silver thiosulfate (STS), indicating that this process depends on the ETH signal transduction. Nevertheless, the related genes have not been reported. In this study, different concentrations of ethephon (ETP) or 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylic acid (ACC) were applied to explore the optimal concentration for inducing the ARG of Oryza sativa. On this basis, five treatments (Water, ETP, ETP + STS, ACC, ACC + STS) were set up. Then, transcriptome sequencing, GO and KEGG analysis were used to identify the genes related to ETH-induced ARG. Finally, 1533 DEGs were screened. Among them, 43 were involved in phytohormone signaling transduction and 26 were phytohormone synthase genes. Meanwhile, 13 DEGs could regulate the polar auxin transport (PAT) and affect the tropism of roots, including the auxin influx carrier gene OsAUX2; five ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family genes OsABCB4, OsABCB8, OsABCB15, OsABCB17, OsABCB21; 2 histidine kinase genes OsHK3, OsHK5; 4 flavonoid biosynthesis genes OsCHI/OsTT5, OsFLS, OsHCT1, OsCYP75B3; and the E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase gene OsWAV3. These 13 DEGs were all up-regulated by ETH. Besides, the receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene Oryza sativa Root Meander Curling (OsRMC), a negative regulator of jasmonic acid-induced ARG, was also up-regulated in ETH. The results obtained here provide a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of ETH-induced ARG.

乙烯（ETH）可诱导植物中的不对称根生长（ARG）形成波浪和卷曲，可被ETH感知拮抗剂硫代硫酸银（STS）消除，表明该过程依赖于ETH信号转导。然而，相关基因尚未见报道。在本研究中，应用不同浓度的乙烯利 (ETP) 或 1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸 (ACC) 来探索诱导水稻ARG 的最佳浓度. 在此基础上设置5个处理（水、ETP、ETP+STS、ACC、ACC+STS）。然后，通过转录组测序、GO 和 KEGG 分析来鉴定与 ETH 诱导的 ARG 相关的基因。最终筛选出 1533 个 DEG。其中，43个参与植物激素信号转导，26个为植物激素合成酶基因。同时，13 DEGs可以调节生长素极性转运（PAT）并影响根的趋向性，包括生长素内流载体基因OsAUX2；五个 ATP 结合盒 (ABC) 转运蛋白家族基因OsABCB4、OsABCB8、OsABCB15、OsABCB17、OsABCB21；2 组氨酸激酶基因OsHK3 , OsHK5; 4个黄酮类生物合成基因OsCHI / OsTT5、OsFLS、OsHCT1、OsCYP75B3；和 E3 泛素蛋白连接酶基因OsWAV3。这 13 个 DEG 均被 ETH 上调。此外，受体样激酶 (RLK) 基因Oryza sativa Root Meander Curling ( OsRMC ) 是茉莉酸诱导的 ARG 的负调节因子，在 ETH 中也上调。此处获得的结果为了解 ETH 诱导的 ARG 的分子机制迈出了第一步。