Sepsis, defined as the dysregulated immune response to an infection leading to organ dysfunction, is one of the leading causes of mortality around the globe. Despite the significant progress in delineating the underlying mechanisms of sepsis pathogenesis, there are currently no effective treatments or specific diagnostic biomarkers in the clinical setting. The perturbation of cell signaling mechanisms, inadequate inflammation resolution, and energy imbalance, all of which are altered during sepsis, are also known to lead to defective lipid metabolism. The use of lipids as biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity may aid in early diagnosis and guide clinical decision making. In addition, identifying the link between specific lipid signatures and their role in sepsis pathology may lead to novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence on dysregulated lipid metabolism both in experimental and human sepsis focused on bioactive lipids, fatty acids and cholesterol as well as the enzymes regulating their levels during sepsis. We highlight not only their potential roles in sepsis pathogenesis, but the possibility of using these respective lipid compounds as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis.

中文翻译：

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脓毒症的脂质生物学。

败血症，定义为对导致器官功能障碍的感染的失调免疫反应，是全球死亡的主要原因之一。尽管在描述脓毒症发病机制的潜在机制方面取得了重大进展，但目前在临床环境中没有有效的治疗方法或特异性诊断生物标志物。众所周知，细胞信号传导机制的扰动、炎症消退不足和能量失衡（所有这些在败血症期间都会发生改变）会导致脂质代谢缺陷。使用脂质作为具有高特异性和敏感性的生物标志物可能有助于早期诊断和指导临床决策。此外，确定特定脂质特征与其在脓毒症病理学中的作用之间的联系可能会导致新的治疗方法。在本次审查中，我们讨论了最近关于实验性和人类脓毒症中脂质代谢失调的证据，重点是生物活性脂质、脂肪酸和胆固醇以及在脓毒症期间调节其水平的酶。我们不仅强调了它们在脓毒症发病机制中的潜在作用，还强调了将这些脂质化合物用作脓毒症的诊断和预后生物标志物的可能性。