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Evolution, Emotion, and Episodic Engagement
American Journal of Psychiatry ( IF 17.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 , DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20081187
Daniel S Pine 1 , Steven P Wise 1 , Elisabeth A Murray 1
Affiliation  

Although rodent research provides important insights into neural correlates of human psychology, new cortical areas, connections, and cognitive abilities emerged during primate evolution, including human evolution. Comparison of human brains with those of nonhuman primates reveals two aspects of human brain evolution particularly relevant to emotional disorders: expansion of homotypical association areas and expansion of the hippocampus. Two uniquely human cognitive capacities link these phylogenetic developments with emotion: a subjective sense of participating in and reexperiencing remembered events and a limitless capacity to imagine details of future events. These abilities provided evolving humans with selective advantages, but they also created proclivities for emotional problems. The first capacity evokes the “reliving” of past events in the “here-and-now,” accompanied by emotional responses that occurred during memory encoding. It contributes to risk for stress-related syndromes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder. The second capacity, an ability to imagine future events without temporal limitations, facilitates flexible, goal-related behavior by drawing on and creating a uniquely rich array of mental representations. It promotes goal achievement and reduces errors, but the mental construction of future events also contributes to developmental aspects of anxiety and mood disorders. With maturation of homotypical association areas, the concrete concerns of childhood expand to encompass the abstract apprehensions of adolescence and adulthood. These cognitive capacities and their dysfunction are amenable to a research agenda that melds experimental therapeutic interventions, cognitive neuropsychology, and developmental psychology in both humans and nonhuman primates.



中文翻译:

进化、情感和情景参与

尽管啮齿动物研究为人类心理学的神经相关性提供了重要的见解,但在灵长类动物进化过程中出现了新的皮层区域、连接和认知能力,包括人类进化。人类大脑与非人类灵长类动物大脑的比较揭示了人类大脑进化与情绪障碍特别相关的两个方面:同型关联区域的扩展和海马体的扩展。两种独特的人类认知能力将这些系统发育发展与情感联系起来:参与和重新体验记忆事件的主观感觉以及想象未来事件细节的无限能力。这些能力为不断进化的人类提供了选择性优势,但它们也造成了情绪问题的倾向。第一种能力唤起在“此时此地”中“重温”过去的事件,伴随着记忆编码过程中发生的情绪反应。它会增加与压力相关的综合征的风险,例如创伤后应激障碍。第二种能力是一种不受时间限制地想象未来事件的能力,它通过利用和创造一系列独特丰富的心理表征来促进灵活的、与目标相关的行为。它促进目标实现并减少错误,但未来事件的心理构建也有助于焦虑和情绪障碍的发展方面。随着同型联想领域的成熟,童年的具体关注扩展到包括对青春期和成年期的抽象理解。

更新日期:2021-06-15
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