The dynamics of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and their link to past societies during the Holocene are topics of growing interest. In this study, we present results of pollen, geochemistry, and grain-size analyses from the STP18-03 core sampled from Miryang in the Korean Peninsula, which spans ca. 8.3–2.3 ka BP. In-phase relationships of these proxies revealed an imprint of the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) during the early to mid-Holocene and subsequent drying toward the late-Holocene in accordance with decreasing solar insolation. At centennial timescales, our study indicates drier climate during ca. 7.5–7.1, 6.4–6.0, and 4.8–3.6 ka BP. Notably, our finding for ca. 6.4–6.0 ka BP contributes further evidence of a drying event in the Korean Peninsula during this period. We suggest that the Pacific Ocean played a role in the underlying mechanism of hydroclimate change in the region. A strong Kuroshio Current (KC) and long-term El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variability in the Western Tropical Pacific (WTP) were closely linked to the influence of the EASM over the Korean Peninsula. In particular, dry phases during ca. 4.8–3.6 and 2.8–2.3 ka BP, which were synchronous with a more active ENSO, closely corresponded to lower population levels indicated by a summed probability distribution (SPD) of archaeological records previously assembled in the Korean Peninsula. This finding implies that past human societies of Korea were highly vulnerable to climate deterioration caused by precipitation deficits.

东亚夏季风 (EASM) 的动态及其与全新世过去社会的联系是越来越受关注的话题。在这项研究中，我们展示了从朝鲜半岛密阳采样的 STP18-03 岩心的花粉、地球化学和粒度分析结果，该岩心跨越约 8.3–2.3 ka BP。这些代理的同相关系揭示了全新世早期至中期全新世气候最佳 (HCO) 的印记，随后随着太阳日照的减少，向全新世晚期干燥。在百年时间尺度上，我们的研究表明在大约 10 年期间气候更加干燥。7.5–7.1、6.4–6.0 和 4.8–3.6 ka BP。值得注意的是，我们对 ca 的发现。6.4-6.0 ka BP 提供了在此期间朝鲜半岛发生干燥事件的进一步证据。我们认为太平洋在该地区水文气候变化的潜在机制中发挥了作用。西热带太平洋 (WTP) 的强黑潮 (KC) 和类似厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 的长期变化与东亚夏季风对朝鲜半岛的影响密切相关。特别是，大约在干燥阶段。4.8–3.6 和 2.8–2.3 ka BP 与更活跃的 ENSO 同步，与先前在朝鲜半岛收集的考古记录的总和概率分布 (SPD) 所表明的较低人口水平密切对应。这一发现意味着韩国过去的人类社会极易受到降水不足导致的气候恶化的影响。西热带太平洋 (WTP) 的强黑潮 (KC) 和类似厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 的长期变化与东亚夏季风对朝鲜半岛的影响密切相关。特别是，大约在干燥阶段。4.8–3.6 和 2.8–2.3 ka BP 与更活跃的 ENSO 同步，与先前在朝鲜半岛收集的考古记录的总和概率分布 (SPD) 所表明的较低人口水平密切对应。这一发现意味着韩国过去的人类社会极易受到降水不足导致的气候恶化的影响。西热带太平洋 (WTP) 的强黑潮 (KC) 和类似厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 的长期变化与东亚夏季风对朝鲜半岛的影响密切相关。特别是，大约在干燥阶段。4.8–3.6 和 2.8–2.3 ka BP 与更活跃的 ENSO 同步，与先前在朝鲜半岛收集的考古记录的总和概率分布 (SPD) 所表明的较低人口水平密切对应。这一发现意味着韩国过去的人类社会极易受到降水不足导致的气候恶化的影响。与更活跃的 ENSO 同步，与先前在朝鲜半岛收集的考古记录的总和概率分布 (SPD) 所表明的较低人口水平密切对应。这一发现意味着韩国过去的人类社会极易受到降水不足导致的气候恶化的影响。与更活跃的 ENSO 同步，与先前在朝鲜半岛收集的考古记录的总和概率分布 (SPD) 所表明的较低人口水平密切对应。这一发现意味着韩国过去的人类社会极易受到降水不足导致的气候恶化的影响。