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Competition components along productivity gradients – revisiting a classic dispute in ecology
Oikos ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-04 , DOI: 10.1111/oik.07706
Fabian Sauter 1 , Harald Albrecht 2 , Johannes Kollmann 2, 3 , Marion Lang 2
Affiliation  

Competition is ubiquitous in plant communities with various effects on plant fitness and community structure. A long-standing debate about different approaches to explain competition is the controversy between David Tilman and Philip Grime. Grime stated that the importance of competition relative to the impact of the environment increases along a productivity gradient, while Tilman argued that the intensity of competition is independent of productivity. To revisit this controversy, we assumed that the effects of plant–plant interactions are additive and applied the new competition indices by Díaz-Sierra et al. (2017) in a field experiment along a productivity gradient in S-Germany, using the rare arable plant Arnoseris minima as a study species. The ‘target technique' was applied, to separate the effects of root and shoot competition. The study plants were exposed to five competition treatments with three replicates in 18 sites, respectively. We investigated the expectation that root competition is more intense in unproductive sites than shoot competition. Additionally, we predicted survival to be less affected by competition than growth-related plant parameters. Using the biomass of individuals without competition as a proxy for site productivity there was a positive relationship with competition importance but no relationship with competition intensity when plants experienced full competition. Survival of the target plants was unaffected by competition. Root competition was the main mechanism determining the performance of the target plants, whereas the effect of shoot competition was relatively low albeit increasing with productivity. We conclude that when considering plant–plant interactions additive both Grime's and Tilman's theories can be supported.

中文翻译:

生产力梯度上的竞争要素——重新审视生态学中的经典争议

竞争在植物群落中无处不在,对植物适应性和群落结构产生各种影响。关于解释竞争的不同方法的长期争论是 David Tilman 和 Philip Grime 之间的争论。Grime 指出,竞争相对于环境影响的重要性沿着生产力梯度增加,而 Tilman 则认为竞争强度与生产力无关。为了重新审视这一争议,我们假设植物 - 植物相互作用的影响是可加的,并应用了 Díaz-Sierra 等人的新竞争指数。(2017) 在 S-Germany 沿生产力梯度的田间试验中,使用稀有的可耕植物Arnoseris minima作为研究物种。应用“目标技术”来分离根和芽竞争的影响。研究植物分别在 18 个地点接受 5 种竞争处理,3 次重复。我们调查了在非生产性地点根竞争比芽竞争更激烈的预期。此外,与生长相关的植物参数相比,我们预测生存受竞争的影响较小。使用没有竞争的个体的生物量作为场地生产力的代理,当植物经历充分竞争时,与竞争重要性呈正相关,但与竞争强度无关。目标植物的存活不受竞争的影响。根竞争是决定目标植物性能的主要机制,而射击竞争的影响相对较低,尽管随着生产力的增加而增加。我们得出的结论是,当考虑植物-植物相互作用时,可以支持 Grime 和 Tilman 的理论。
更新日期:2021-08-03
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