The security of IoT devices is becoming a major concern in industry. Noninvasive side-channel attacks pose a serious threat as they are capable of extracting secret information from distance while using low-cost equipment. In this article, we propose an efficient countermeasure technique against the electromagnetic (EM) side-channel attacks. The technique is applied to switched-capacitor (SC) dc–dc converters and is based on amplitude modulation of the load signal by the converter capacitance that acts as a carrier. We verify the proposed technique by using a reliable evaluation metric that predicts the correlation between the encryption secret key and the attacker’s measured signal. The results show that the proposed technique can achieve cross correlation coefficients as low as 0.2, disabling the attacker from extracting the sensitive information. In addition, test vector leakage assessment (TVLA) $\rho $ -test indicates that the number of leaky points for advanced encryption standard (AES) execution drops from 62 for unprotected circuit to zero for the circuit secured by the proposed technique. TVLA ${t}$ -statistic is decreased by three orders of magnitude in the protected AES execution.

中文翻译：

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基于幅度调制的开关电容 DC-DC 转换器的 EM 侧信道对策

物联网设备的安全性正成为业界关注的主要问题。非侵入性侧信道攻击构成了严重威胁，因为它们能够在使用低成本设备的同时从远处提取秘密信息。在本文中，我们提出了一种有效的对抗电磁 (EM) 侧信道攻击的对策技术。该技术应用于开关电容器 (SC) dc-dc 转换器，并基于负载信号的幅度调制，转换器电容充当载波。我们通过使用可靠的评估指标来验证所提出的技术，该指标预测加密密钥与攻击者测量信号之间的相关性。结果表明，所提出的技术可以实现低至 0.2 的互相关系数，禁止攻击者提取敏感信息。此外，测试向量泄漏评估 (TVLA) $\rho $ -test 表明高级加密标准 (AES) 执行的泄漏点数从未受保护电路的 62 下降到由所提出的技术保护的电路的零。电视LA ${t}$ -statistic 在受保护的 AES 执行中减少了三个数量级。