This article presents a fully integrated distributed efficient power amplifier (DEPA) for fifth-generation (5G) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications. In conventional DEPA, an individual input matching network (IMN), power splitter, and phase compensation line are used for each auxiliary power amplifier (PA) unit, resulting in a large overall size. To facilitate integration, an energy-efficient and compact DEPA with modified input matching and power splitting network is proposed, where a distributed input matching network (DIMN) is used for the auxiliary PA. A broadband input matching, reasonable power splitting, and phase alignment can be achieved simultaneously by adjusting the dimensions of gate transmission lines (TLs) between different auxiliary PA units. An integrated DEPA is implemented in a commercial 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ GaN-HEMT process to validate the proposed architecture. The fabricated DEPA shows a saturated output power of 40.4–41.7 dBm, an 8-dB back-off drain efficiency (DE) of 35%–50%, and a saturated DE of 46%–56% from 3.2 to 5.2 GHz, with a compact size of $3.4\times3.0$ mm ² . Applying a 100-MHz orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal with a 7.8-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), an average efficiency of 35.7%–47% is measured over the entire bandwidth, and the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is better than −46 dBc after digital predistortion (DPD). To the best of our knowledge, the proposed DEPA demonstrates the widest bandwidth among all reported fully integrated back-off efficient PAs without using digital techniques or reconfiguration.

中文翻译：

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一种完全集成的 47.6% 分数带宽 GaN MMIC 分布式高效功率放大器，具有改进的输入匹配和功率分配网络

本文介绍了一种完全集成的分布式高效功率放大器 (DEPA)，适用于第五代 (5G) 大规模多输入多输出 (MIMO) 应用。在传统的 DEPA 中，每个辅助功率放大器 (PA) 单元都使用单独的输入匹配网络 (IMN)、功率分配器和相位补偿线，导致整体尺寸较大。为了促进集成，提出了一种具有改进的输入匹配和功率分配网络的节能且紧凑的 DEPA，其中分布式输入匹配网络 (DIMN) 用于辅助 PA。通过调整不同辅助 PA 单元之间的栅极传输线 (TL) 的尺寸，可以同时实现宽带输入匹配、合理的功率分配和相位对齐。集成的 DEPA 在商业 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ 用于验证建议架构的 GaN-HEMT 工艺。制造的 DEPA 显示出 40.4–41.7 dBm 的饱和输出功率、35%–50% 的 8-dB 回退漏效率 (DE) 以及 3.2 到 5.2 GHz 的 46%–56% 的饱和 DE，其中紧凑的尺寸 $3.4\times3.0$ 毫米 ² 。应用峰均功率比 (PAPR) 为 7.8 dB 的 100 MHz 正交频分复用 (OFDM) 信号，在整个带宽上测得的平均效率为 35.7%–47%，相邻信道功率数字预失真 (DPD) 后的比率 (ACPR) 优于 −46 dBc。据我们所知，在所有报告的完全集成的高效 PA 中，拟议的 DEPA 展示了最宽的带宽，而无需使用数字技术或重新配置。