Personality traits are associated with memory in older adulthood: Individuals higher in conscientiousness and openness and lower in neuroticism tend to perform better on memory-recall tasks. We conducted a preregistered study to replicate these associations in a large, multinational cohort and test whether the associations varied by national-level socioeconomic indicators (e.g., per capita gross domestic product). Multilevel modeling was used to analyze data from 71,566 individuals (age: M = 67.9 years, SD = 9.5; 57% women) across 26 European countries and Israel. Higher conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion and lower neuroticism were associated with better memory performance, even when analyses accounted for risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, emotional disorders, and sleeping problems. Consistent with the resource-substitution hypothesis, results showed that higher conscientiousness and agreeableness and lower neuroticism were associated with better memory in countries with lower gross domestic product. This pattern suggests that psychological (trait) resources may help compensate for country-specific disadvantaged contexts.

人格特质与成年后的记忆有关：责任心和开放性较高且神经质较低的个体往往在记忆回忆任务中表现更好。我们进行了一项预先注册的研究，以在大型跨国队列中复制这些关联，并测试这些关联是否因国家级社会经济指标（例如人均国内生产总值）而异。多级建模用于分析来自 71,566 人的数据（年龄：M = 67.9 岁，SD= 9.5; 57% 的女性）遍布 26 个欧洲国家和以色列。更高的责任心、开放性、外向性和更低的神经质与更好的记忆表现相关，即使分析考虑了包括糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、情绪障碍和睡眠问题在内的危险因素。与资源替代假设一致，结果表明，在国内生产总值较低的国家，较高的尽责性和随和性以及较低的神经质与较好的记忆力有关。这种模式表明，心理（特质）资源可能有助于弥补特定国家的不利环境。