Purpose

This article analyzes recent Japanese efforts to recruit care labor from seven Asian countries to identify the relative contributions to migrants and their respective countries' health systems. Besides considering the factors affecting migration from, and benefits to, sending countries, it asks how differences in the role of public and private actors may matter.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses two stages of analysis. The first uses quantitative and qualitative data for seven countries that send care labor migrants to Japan to identify differences in benefits for individual migrants and health care systems in the sending countries. The second stage examines recent initiatives for funding care worker training in Japan to assess the relative impacts of different public-private cooperative arrangements, especially in terms of Vietnam.

Findings

In addition to general migration policy mechanisms provided by the destination country, bilateral relationships and foreign assistance, along with economic, demographic and health care conditions in the origin countries, contribute to the relative benefits of migration. Among countries supplying care labor to Japan, Vietnam is obtaining the most benefits for its health care system in return.

Originality/value

Responding to central concerns surrounding care labor migration, the article compares across countries sending care workers to a single country. The comparison highlights a constellation of factors that contribute the greatest benefits. The article identifies how different types of public and private relationships can influence this process. The study provides observations applicable to other welfare states developing care labor migration relationships.

中文翻译：

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日本的老年护理、跨国护理劳动力和新兴福利制度

目的

本文分析了日本最近从七个亚洲国家招募护理人员的努力，以确定对移民及其各自国家卫生系统的相对贡献。除了考虑影响来自输出国的移民和受益的因素外，它还询问公共和私人行为者的角色差异可能如何重要。

设计/方法/方法

该研究使用两个阶段的分析。第一个使用七个国家的定量和定性数据，将照料劳工移民送到日本，以确定个人移民和医疗保健系统在输出国的福利差异。第二阶段审查日本最近资助护理人员培训的举措，以评估不同公私合作安排的相对影响，特别是在越南方面。

发现

除了目的地国提供的一般移民政策机制外，双边关系和对外援助，以及原籍国的经济、人口和医疗保健条件，都有助于移民的相对好处。在向日本提供护理劳动力的国家中，越南为其医疗保健系统获得了最多的回报。

原创性/价值

针对围绕护理劳动力迁移的核心问题，文章比较了将护理人员送往一个国家的国家。比较突出了一系列有助于最大利益的因素。本文确定了不同类型的公共和私人关系如何影响这一过程。该研究提供了适用于其他发展护理劳务移民关系的福利国家的观察结果。