Aims. To characterize hypogonadism in male persons with diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods. 184 consecutive male persons with diabetes were studied. Besides the usual care, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), FSH, and LH were measured in the last appointment and in 40 patients, also in the next two appointments. Statistical analysis compared groups and explored factors for TT and LH levels. Results. TT levels were stable and highly correlated (r > 0.750, ) over a 6–12-month period. 20% of the patients presented secondary hypogonadism (SH) and 18% presented primary hypogonadism (PH). SH was inversely related to HbA1 (partial r (rp) = 0.229, ), while PH was directly related to age (r = 0.356, ). TT levels were reduced independently by metformin (364 ± 160 vs. 431 ± 242 ng/dL, t = 2.241, ) and statins (359 ± 156 vs. 424 ± 230 ng/dl, t = 2.224, ). TT levels were inversely related to microvascular disease (rp = −0.169, ). Discussion. TT levels were stable over time and hypogonadism was common. SH, generally clinically, is related to the diabetic state, while PH, generally subclinically, is an age-dependent process unrelated to diabetes. Low TT levels were related to older age, poor metabolic control, metformin and statins use, and microvascular disease.

中文翻译：

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男性糖尿病患者的原发性和继发性性腺机能减退

目标。表征男性糖尿病患者的性腺机能减退。患者和方法。研究了 184 名连续患有糖尿病的男性患者。除了常规护理外，还测量了最后一次预约和 40 名患者的总睾酮 (TT)、雌二醇 (E2)、FSH 和 LH，也在接下来的两次预约中进行了测量。统计分析比较了组并探索了 TT 和 LH 水平的因素。结果。TT 水平稳定且高度相关（r  > 0.750，) 6-12 个月。20% 的患者出现继发性性腺机能减退 (SH)，18% 出现原发性性腺机能减退 (PH)。SH 与 HbA1 呈负相关（部分r (rp) = 0.229，)，而 PH 与年龄直接相关 ( r  = 0.356,）。二甲双胍可独立降低 TT 水平（364 ± 160 与 431 ± 242 ng/dL， t  = 2.241，)和他汀类药物 (359 ± 156 vs. 424 ± 230 ng/dl, t  = 2.224,）。TT 水平与微血管疾病呈负相关（ r p = -0.169，）。 讨论。TT 水平随时间稳定，性腺功能减退症很常见。SH，通常在临床上与糖尿病状态有关，而 PH，通常在亚临床上，是与糖尿病无关的年龄依赖性过程。低 TT 水平与年龄较大、代谢控制不佳、使用二甲双胍和他汀类药物以及微血管疾病有关。