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Mobility of engineers in Europe, 15th–18th century ed. by Stéphane Blond et al. (review)
Technology and Culture ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-04
Konstantinos Chatzis

Reviewed by:

  • Mobility of engineers in Europe, 15th–18th century ed. by Stéphane Blond et al.
  • Konstantinos Chatzis (bio)
Mobilités d'ingénieurs en Europe, XVe–XVIIIe siècle [Mobility of engineers in Europe, 15th–18th century] Edited by Stéphane Blond, Liliane Hilaire-Pérez, and Michèle Virol. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2017. Pp. 244.

Mobilités d'ingénieurs en Europe, XVe–XVIIIe siècle [Mobility of engineers in Europe, 15th–18th century] Edited by Stéphane Blond, Liliane Hilaire-Pérez, and Michèle Virol. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2017. Pp. 244.

Trained as an economist but well-versed in both philosophy and history, Hélène Vérin published her volume on the figure of the early modern engineer (sixteenth to eighteenth century) in 1993. La gloire des ingénieurs (The glory of engineers) became an intellectual success in France. And the idea of reduction en art—derived from réduire en art, the French translation of ad artem redigere (to systematize, to reduce to a system)—even inspired several research studies undertaken in the decades following its publication.

Mobilités d'ingénieurs en Europe, XVe–XVIIIe siècle is a tribute to the author of La gloire des ingénieurs and testifies to that book's impact, especially among French historians of technology. Even though not a single author omits a reference to La gloire des ingénieurs and the notion of reduction en art, however, this book can be usefully, even agreeably, read by people who are unfamiliar with Vérin's work. In addition to a brief opening text serving as an intellectual portrait of Hélène Vérin, and a substantial introduction crafted by the three editors, Mobilités d'ingénieurs is composed of ten individual contributions. Although the various chapters—each one treating a specific subject matter in depth and based on archival sources—are well worth reading in their own right, the volume goes beyond a mere juxtaposition of self-contained elements. As a matter of fact, all contributors share a common interest in the early modern engineer—an umbrella term that denotes a series of hommes de l'art, especially artillery and fortification experts as well as people involved in naval, civil, and mining engineering. All the characters discussed in this volume built up their expertise and put their skills into practice in Europe, essentially in (current) France, Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, Northern Italy, and the island of Cyprus. Some parts of the book focus on individuals. This is, for example, the case with the chapter devoted to Jean Errard de Bar-le-Duc, an engineer who worked for Henry IV of France and who authored one of the earliest treatises on fortifications based on scientific principles. Despite the paucity of archival evidence, Frédéric Métin, the author of the chapter, succeeds in offering an original working hypothesis about the (international) training of this engineer. Other parts of the book deal, on the contrary, with larger groups, such as the Corps des Mines, the fortification engineers in the Spanish Netherlands, and the experts involved in running artillery schools across Spain during the reign of Philip II. Thus, the book provides a close analysis of what is considered to be the first decree on the organization of [End Page 636] the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, issued in 1775. In the chapter on the École des Mézières—the training school for the French Ingénieurs du Roy—the emphasis shifts from the curriculum to the various socialization mechanisms through which the would-be fortification engineers acquired the attitudes and dispositions they needed in order to govern both "humans" and "things." As the book's title indicates, another common thread running through the various chapters is the theme of mobility. This mobility was geographical, since engineers would often travel from one place to another in order to acquire new knowledge and skills, and/or be of service to their patrons. Their mobility could also be social, as engineers frequently moved within the society of their time, changed occupations and status, entered...



中文翻译:

欧洲工程师的流动性,15-18 世纪编辑。由 Stéphane Blond 等人撰写。(审查)

审核人:

  • 欧洲工程师的流动性,15-18 世纪编辑。由 Stéphane Blond 等人撰写。
  • 康斯坦丁诺斯·查齐斯(生物)
Mobilités d'ingénieurs en Europe, XV e –XVIII e siècle [欧洲工程师的流动性,15-18世纪]由 Stéphane Blond、Liliane Hilaire-Pérez 和 Michèle Virol 编辑。雷恩:雷恩大学出版社,2017 年。Pp。244.

Mobilités d'ingénieurs en Europe, XV e –XVIII e siècle [欧洲工程师的流动性,15-18世纪]由 Stéphane Blond、Liliane Hilaire-Pérez 和 Michèle Virol 编辑。雷恩:雷恩大学出版社,2017 年。Pp。244.

受过经济学家培训,但精通哲学和历史的海伦·维兰 (Hélène Vérin) 于 1993 年出版了她的关于早期现代工程师(16 至 18 世纪)人物的著作La gloire des ingénieurs(工程师的荣耀)成为学术上的成功在法国。还原艺术的想法——源自réduire en artad artem redigere(系统化,还原为一个系统)的法语翻译——甚至激发了在其出版后的几十年中进行的几项研究。

Mobilités d'ingénieurs en Europe, XV e –XVIII e siècle是对La gloire des ingénieurs的作者的致敬,并证明了这本书的影响,尤其是在法国技术史学家中。尽管没有一位作者遗漏了对La gloire des ingénieurs还原艺术的概念的引用,但是,对于不熟悉 Vérin 作品的人来说,这本书是有用的,甚至是令人愉快的。除了作为海伦·维兰 (Hélène Vérin) 知识分子肖像的简短开篇文字,以及由三位编辑撰写的大量介绍之外,Mobilités d'ingénieurs由十个个人贡献组成。尽管各个章节——每一章都深入处理一个特定的主题并基于档案资源——本身就非常值得一读,但本书不仅仅是独立元素的并列。事实上,所有贡献者都对早期现代工程师有共同的兴趣——一个总括性术语,表示一系列的hommes de l'art,尤其是炮兵和防御工事专家以及从事海军、土木和采矿工程的人员。本卷中讨论的所有角色都在欧洲建立了他们的专业知识并将他们的技能付诸实践,主要是在(当前)法国、西班牙、西班牙荷兰、意大利北部和塞浦路斯岛。本书的某些部分侧重于个人。例如,专门介绍让·埃拉德·德·巴尔勒·杜克 (Jean Errard de Bar-le-Duc) 的一章就是这种情况,他是一名工程师,曾为法国亨利四世工作,并撰写了最早的基于科学原理的防御工事论文之一。尽管缺乏档案证据,本章的作者 Frédéric Métin 成功地提出了关于这位工程师的(国际)培训的原始工作假设。本书的其他部分则相反,与更大的团体,例如 Corps des Mines、西班牙荷兰的防御工事工程师以及在菲利普二世统治期间在西班牙各地经营炮兵学校的专家。因此,这本书对被认为是关于组织的第一条法令进行了仔细分析。[第636页结束]École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées,发行于 1775 年。获得了他们需要的态度和性格,以便管理“人”和“物”。正如书名所示,贯穿各章的另一个共同主题是移动性主题。这种流动性是地域性的,因为工程师经常从一个地方到另一个地方旅行,以获得新的知识和技能,和/或为他们的顾客服务。他们的流动性也可能是社会性的,因为工程师经常在他们那个时代的社会中流动,改变职业和地位,进入……

更新日期:2021-06-04
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