In recycling of the spent lithium iron phosphorus (LiFePO₄) batteries, the mechanical pretreatment is critical for relieving the pressure of the subsequent recycling process and reducing the cost of whole recycling process. In order to achieve the separation and concentration of the cathode materials, anode materials, copper and aluminum foils from spent LiFePO₄ batteries, a novel pneumatic separation combined with froth flotation is designed in this research. A pulsated pneumatic separation with variable-diameter structure separator is used, through which 92.08% of copper and 96.68% of aluminum were recovered. In the pneumatic separation the movement of the copper and aluminum flakes can be described by an improved equivalent diameter method, based on the force analysis of the flaky particles. The froth flotation is utilized to recover the cathode materials and anode materials with the recovery of 92.86% and 83.21%, respectively. A mass balance and a technological route of the recycling process are provided finally. The present work provides a green and high-efficiency recycling process in which copper, aluminum, anode and cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries can be recovered respectively only by physical methods.

在废旧锂铁磷（LiFePO ₄）电池的回收利用中，机械预处理对于减轻后续回收过程的压力，降低整个回收过程的成本至关重要。为了实现从废 LiFePO _{4 中}分离和浓缩正极材料、负极材料、铜箔和铝箔电池，本研究设计了一种新型气分离结合泡沫浮选。采用变径结构分离器的脉动气力分离，回收了92.08%的铜和96.68%的铝。在气动分离中，铜片和铝片的运动可以通过改进的等效直径方法来描述，基于片状颗粒的受力分析。利用泡沫浮选回收正极材料和负极材料，回收率分别为92.86%和83.21%。最后给出了回收过程的质量平衡和工艺路线。目前的工作提供了一种绿色高效的回收工艺，其中铜、铝、