The preparation of nanostructured carbon materials from chosen biomass through hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis processes by optimizing the reaction conditions is one of the bases for applying the product in certain of the development activities. The finished product more or less reflects the raw material and the way of preparation. Among the many products, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained importance due to their bolstered characteristics and facile preparation. CQDs are zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials which attracted attention in the recent past due to their excellent water solubility, unique optical properties, good electrical conductivity, eco-friendliness, and biocompatibility. Small-sized CQDs offer high surface area per unit volume, strong tunable fluorescence, photo-luminescent emissions, and semiconducting properties. In this paper, identification of ideal raw materials, process parameters being followed in the preparation of CQDs through hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis techniques, and the properties of the resultant CQDs commensurate with the nature of process are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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生物质衍生的碳量子点——综述。第 1 部分：制备和表征

通过优化反应条件，通过水热碳化和热解工艺从选定的生物质中制备纳米结构碳材料是将该产品应用于某些开发活动的基础之一。成品或多或少反映了原料和制备方式。在众多产品中，碳量子点 (CQD) 由于其强大的特性和易于制备而变得越来越重要。CQDs 是零维 (0D) 纳米材料，由于其优异的水溶性、独特的光学性质、良好的导电性、生态友好性和生物相容性，近年来引起了人们的关注。小尺寸 CQD 具有高单位体积表面积、强可调荧光、光致发光发射和半导体特性。