Abstract

In the 2000s CE, Saudi Arabia saw the emergence of the civil rights group HASM (or ACPRA), whose members engaged in civil society activism for basic rights and argued that their activism could be described as peaceful, civil jihad. In their books, declarations and lectures, HASM’s members presented a complex Islamic theory of civil society activism and explained why they considered what they were doing legitimate. Their theory above all rested on the idea that civil society activism was a form of jihad and superior of other forms, like military jihad. This paper focusses on HASM’s concept of peaceful, civil jihad. It is a complex concept, which is based on the ideas of some twentieth and twenty-first century Islamic scholars, but nevertheless constitutes a new interpretation of the term jihad. HASM’s idea that civil society activism is peaceful, civil jihad is not only relevant in the Saudi context. Rather, it is a significant contribution to the ongoing debate about the meaning of jihad in modern Muslim societies.

摘要

在公元 2000 年代，沙特阿拉伯看到了民权组织 HASM（或 ACPRA）的出现，其成员为争取基本权利而从事公民社会激进主义，并认为他们的激进主义可以被描述为和平的公民圣战。在他们的书籍、宣言和讲座中，HASM 的成员提出了一个复杂的伊斯兰公民社会激进主义理论，并解释了为什么他们认为自己的行为是合法的。他们的理论首先基于这样一种观点，即公民社会激进主义是一种圣战形式，优于其他形式，如军事圣战。本文重点介绍 HASM 的和平、民间圣战概念。这是一个复杂的概念，它基于 20 和 21 世纪一些伊斯兰学者的思想，但仍然构成了对“圣战”一词的新解释。HASM 认为公民社会激进主义是和平的，民间圣战不仅与沙特有关。相反，它是对现代穆斯林社会中关于圣战意义的持续辩论的重大贡献。