ABSTRACT

This paper examines the issue of the low participation of women in STEM careers and contributes to work on the gender gap in STEM in two ways. First, we propose a theoretical framework that integrates the factors influencing girls’ participation in STEM, proposed by UNESCO in 2017, and the concepts of cultural, identity and gender stereotypes. Second, we apply this framework to assess the contribution of the project Science and Technology as Feminine, promoted by the Spanish Association of Science and Technology Parks (APTE), to raising awareness about the low participation of girls in STEM and encouraging girls’ participation in scientific and technology careers in Spain. The APTE project has attracted media attention in Spain and the project results suggest that it should be possible to reduce the gender gap in the future career choices of young students, through the design of a set of activities addressed to the individual student, the students’ families and peers, schools and society at large, aimed at changing the habitus, which for many years has steered women away from STEM.

摘要

本文探讨了女性在 STEM 职业中参与度低的问题，并以两种方式为解决 STEM 中的性别差距做出了贡献。首先，我们提出了一个理论框架，该框架整合了联合国教科文组织于 2017 年提出的影响女孩参与 STEM 的因素，以及文化、身份和性别刻板印象的概念。其次，我们应用这个框架来评估由西班牙科技园协会 (APTE) 推动的“女性化的科学和技术”项目对提高对 STEM 中女孩参与率低的认识和鼓励女孩参与的贡献。西班牙的科学和技术职业。habitus，多年来一直引导女性远离 STEM。