This article analyses freedom-restricting measures set forth in the Reception Conditions Directive and its proposed recast; it does so through the lens of the concept of crimmigration, understood as convergence between criminal and (administrative) immigration and asylum law. To tackle “secondary movements” within the European Union (EU), the proposed amendment of the Directive establishes a broad understanding of the risk of absconding, which can justify detention, and expands the restrictions on asylum-seekers’ freedom of movement. The article argues that asylum detention under EU law pursues penal law objectives, such as deterrence and retribution. Restriction on freedom of movement, on its part, may amount to systematic surveillance. This observed crimmigration phenomenon is detrimental to migrants and refugees because the incorporation of criminal law objectives into asylum law has an asymmetric form. Although states subject non-citizens to increasingly punitive measures, the administrative label of immigration detention and restrictions on movement allows them to evade due process guarantees, which typically accompany criminal law proceedings. As the article proposes, appropriate interpretation and application of the principles of lawfulness and proportionality with respect to detention and restrictions on freedom of movement will help circumscribe the scope of the phenomenon of crimmigration under the EU asylum legislation.

中文翻译：

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CEAS 改革中的非法移民：根据欧盟法律拘留寻求庇护者并限制他们的行动

本文分析了《接收条件指令》中规定的限制自由的措施及其提议的改写；它是通过犯罪移民概念来实现的，犯罪移民被理解为刑事与（行政）移民和庇护法之间的融合。为了解决欧盟 (EU) 内的“二次流动”问题，该指令的拟议修正案确立了对潜逃风险的广泛理解，这可以成为拘留的理由，并扩大对寻求庇护者行动自由的限制。文章认为，欧盟法律下的庇护拘留追求的是刑法目标，例如威慑和报复。对行动自由的限制，就其本身而言，可能构成系统监视。这种观察到的移民现象对移民和难民有害，因为将刑法目标纳入庇护法的形式是不对称的。尽管各州对非公民施加越来越多的惩罚性措施，但移民拘留和行动限制的行政标签使他们能够逃避通常伴随刑事诉讼的正当程序保障。正如文章所建议的，适当解释和适用关于拘留和限制行动自由的合法性和相称性原则，将有助于限制欧盟庇护立法下的犯罪移民现象的范围。移民拘留的行政标签和行动限制使他们能够逃避通常伴随刑事诉讼的正当程序保障。正如文章所建议的，适当解释和适用关于拘留和限制行动自由的合法性和相称性原则，将有助于限制欧盟庇护立法下的犯罪移民现象的范围。移民拘留的行政标签和行动限制使他们能够逃避通常伴随刑事诉讼的正当程序保障。正如文章所建议的，适当解释和适用关于拘留和限制行动自由的合法性和相称性原则，将有助于限制欧盟庇护立法下的犯罪移民现象的范围。