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Might Temporal Logic Improve the Specification of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)?
Journal of Statistics Education Pub Date : 2021-07-06 , DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
George T. H. Ellison 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Temporality-driven covariate classification had limited impact on: the specification of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) by 85 novice analysts (medical undergraduates); or the risk of bias in DAG-informed multivariable models designed to generate causal inference from observational data. Only 71 students (83.5%) managed to complete the “Temporality-driven Covariate Classification” task, and fewer still completed the “DAG Specification” task (77.6%) or both tasks in succession (68.2%). Most students who completed the first task misclassified at least one covariate (84.5%), and misclassification rates were even higher among students who specified a DAG (92.4%). Nonetheless, across the 512 and 517 covariates considered by each of these tasks, “confounders” were far less likely to be misclassified (11/252, 4.4% and 8/261, 3.1%) than “mediators” (70/123, 56.9% and 56/115, 48.7%) or “competing exposures” (93/137, 67.9% and 86/138, 62.3%), respectively. Since estimates of total causal effects are biased in multivariable models that: fail to adjust for “confounders”; or adjust for “mediators” (or “consequences of the outcome”) misclassified as “confounders” or “competing exposures,” a substantial proportion of any models informed by the present study’s DAGs would have generated biased estimates of total causal effects (50/66, 76.8%); and this would have only been slightly lower for models informed by temporality-driven covariate classification alone (47/71, 66.2%). Supplementary materials for this article are available online.



中文翻译:

时间逻辑可能会改进有向无环图 (DAG) 的规范吗?

摘要

时间驱动的协变量分类对以下方面的影响有限: 85 名新手分析师(医学本科生)对有向无环图 (DAG) 的规范;或 DAG 知情多变量模型中的偏倚风险,该模型旨在从观察数据中生成因果推断。只有 71 名学生 (83.5%) 成功完成了“时间驱动的协变量分类”任务,更少的学生完成了“DAG 规范”任务 (77.6%) 或连续完成两项任务 (68.2%)。大多数完成第一项任务的学生至少错误分类了一个协变量 (84.5%),指定 DAG 的学生的错误分类率甚至更高 (92.4%)。尽管如此,在每个任务所考虑的 512 和 517 个协变量中,“混杂因素”被错误分类的可能性(11/252,4.4% 和 8/261,3.1%)远低于“中介因素”(70/123,56.9% 和 56/115, 48.7%)或“竞争风险”(93/137, 67.9% 和 86/138, 62.3%)。由于对总因果效应的估计在多变量模型中存在偏差: 未能针对“混杂因素”进行调整;或调整被错误分类为“混杂因素”或“竞争暴露”的“中介因素”(或“结果的后果”),由本研究的 DAG 提供的任何模型的很大一部分都会产生对总因果效应的有偏估计(50/ 66, 76.8%);对于仅由时间驱动的协变量分类提供信息的模型,这只会略低(47/71,66.2%)。本文的补充材料可在线获取。由于对总因果效应的估计在多变量模型中存在偏差: 未能针对“混杂因素”进行调整;或调整被错误分类为“混杂因素”或“竞争暴露”的“中介因素”(或“结果的后果”),由本研究的 DAG 提供的任何模型的很大一部分都会产生对总因果效应的有偏估计(50/ 66, 76.8%);对于仅由时间驱动的协变量分类提供信息的模型,这只会略低(47/71,66.2%)。本文的补充材料可在线获取。由于对总因果效应的估计在多变量模型中存在偏差: 未能针对“混杂因素”进行调整;或调整被错误分类为“混杂因素”或“竞争暴露”的“中介因素”(或“结果的后果”),由本研究的 DAG 提供的任何模型的很大一部分都会产生对总因果效应的有偏估计(50/ 66, 76.8%);对于仅由时间驱动的协变量分类提供信息的模型,这只会略低(47/71,66.2%)。本文的补充材料可在线获取。” 由本研究的 DAG 提供的任何模型中的很大一部分都会产生对总因果效应的有偏估计 (50/66, 76.8%);对于仅由时间驱动的协变量分类提供信息的模型,这只会略低(47/71,66.2%)。本文的补充材料可在线获取。” 由本研究的 DAG 提供的任何模型中的很大一部分都会产生对总因果效应的有偏估计 (50/66, 76.8%);对于仅由时间驱动的协变量分类提供信息的模型,这只会略低(47/71,66.2%)。本文的补充材料可在线获取。

更新日期:2021-08-10
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