ABSTRACT

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is a landmark agreement in the history of the nuclear disarmament movement. It was negotiated against the wishes of the nuclear-armed states and many of their supporters and this context defines the challenges and opportunities for its universalisation. We argue that universalisation should be understood as a strategy for maximising the authority of the treaty and its core norms and principles across four categories of state: disarmament advocacy states, a non-nuclear-armed state majority, nuclear client states, and nuclear-armed states. We show how these norms and principles are extensions of what already exists, particularly for non-nuclear armed states, but that making these connections will require targeted and sustained political work. We argue that states parties to the TPNW working with civil society will need to engage non-nuclear armed states with a range of normative arguments for the treaty and against the narratives of its critics. This can be done through a range of outreach activities based on other treaty universalisation campaigns, and we set these out in detail. Engaging nuclear client states and nuclear-armed states will be more difficult and require a different approach based on carving open a discursive space in which the TPNW’s humanitarian, ethics, and risk rationales must be confronted. Political opposition will be formidable, but the purpose of the TPNW is to influence the nuclear weapons policies of nuclear-armed states, and increasing the authority of the treaty’s norms and principles through universalisation strategies will be essential to this.

摘要

《禁止核武器条约》（TPNW）是核裁军运动史上具有里程碑意义的协议。它的谈判违背了核武器国家及其许多支持者的意愿，这种背景决定了其普遍化的挑战和机遇。我们认为，普遍化应被理解为在四类国家中最大化条约及其核心规范和原则的权威的战略：裁军倡导国、无核武器国家占多数、核客户国和核武器国家。状态。我们展示了这些规范和原则如何是现有规范和原则的延伸，特别是对于无核武装国家，但是建立这些联系需要有针对性和持续的政治工作。支持条约并反对其批评者的叙述。这可以通过基于其他条约普遍化运动的一系列外展活动来实现，我们详细列出了这些活动。与核客户国和核武装国接触将更加困难，需要基于开辟一个话语空间的不同方法，在该空间中必须面对 TPNW 的人道主义、道德和风险理由。政治上的反对将是强大的，但 TPNW 的目的是影响核武器国家的核武器政策，通过普遍化战略增加条约规范和原则的权威对此至关重要。