Objective

Evaluate and model the advantage of a situation awareness (SA) supported by an augmented reality (AR) display for the ground-based joint terminal attack Controller (JTAC), in judging and describing the spatial relations between objects in a hostile zone.

Background

The accurate world-referenced description of relative locations of surface objects, when viewed from an oblique slant angle (aircraft, observation post) is hindered by (1) the compression of the visual scene, amplified at a lower slang angle, (2) the need for mental rotation, when viewed from a non-northerly orientation.

Approach

Participants viewed a virtual reality (VR)-simulated four-object scene from either of two slant angles, at each of four compass orientations, either unaided, or aided by an AR head-mounted display (AR-HMD), depicting the scene from a top-down (avoiding compression) and north-up (avoiding mental rotation) perspective. They described the geographical layout of four objects within the display.

Results

Compared with the control condition, that condition supported by the north-up SA display shortened the description time, particularly on non-northerly orientations (9 s, 30% benefit), and improved the accuracy of description, particularly for the more compressed scene (lower slant angle), as fit by a simple computational model.

Conclusion

The SA display provides large, significant benefits to this critical phase of ground-air communications in managing an attack—as predicted by the task analysis of the JTAC.

Application

Results impact the design of the AR-HMD to support combat ground-air communications and illustrate the magnitude by which basic cognitive principles “scale up” to realistically simulated real-world tasks such as search and rescue.

中文翻译：

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通过态势感知增强现实显示降低空间转换的成本：协助联合终端攻击控制器 3-17

客观的

评估和建模地面联合终端攻击控制器 (JTAC) 的增强现实 (AR) 显示支持的态势感知 (SA) 在判断和描述敌对区域中物体之间的空间关系方面的优势。

背景

当从倾斜角度（飞机、观察站）观察时，表面物体相对位置的准确世界参考描述受到以下因素的阻碍：（1）视觉场景的压缩，以较低的斜角放大，（2）从非北方方向看时，需要心理旋转。

方法

参与者从两个倾斜角度中的任何一个，在四个罗盘方向中的每一个上观看虚拟现实 (VR) 模拟的四物体场景，无论是独立的，还是在 AR 头戴式显示器 (AR-HMD) 的帮助下，描绘了来自自上而下（避免压缩）和北上（避免心理旋转）视角。他们描述了展示中四个对象的地理布局。

结果

与控制条件相比，北上 SA 显示支持的条件缩短了描述时间，特别是在非北方向（9 秒，30% 收益），并提高了描述的准确性，特别是对于更压缩的场景（较低的倾斜角），由一个简单的计算模型拟合。

结论

正如 JTAC 的任务分析所预测的那样，SA 显示为管理攻击的地空通信这一关键阶段提供了巨大而显着的好处。

应用

结果影响了 AR-HMD 的设计以支持战斗地空通信，并说明了基本认知原则“扩展”到逼真的模拟现实世界任务（如搜索和救援）的程度。