This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of Quillaja saponaria (QS), and Vitamin E (VE) on water quality, fish performance, and health of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fish (N = 120, 12.75 ± 0.289 g) were randomly distributed in triplicates into four experimental groups. (1) the control group (CG), fish received a basal diet; (2) the Quillaja saponaria group (QS), fish received a basal diet containing 300 mg kg⁻¹ QS extract; (3) Vitamin E group (VE), fish received a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg kg⁻¹ VE; and (4) QS/VE group, fish received a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of 300 mg kg⁻¹ QS extract and 400 mg kg⁻¹ VE. Fish fed experimental diets (30/6, protein/lipids ratio) for 60 days. Results revealed a significant decrease of total ammonia nitrogen and unionized ammonia in fish fed QS/VE, VE, and QS compared to CG. Fish provided QS and/or VE showed a significant improvement in growth and feed utilization indices compared to CG (P < 0.05), with the best results in QS/VE group. QS and/or VE's dietary supplementation did not improve hematological parameters. However, a significant improvement of serum analyses (total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, cholesterol, and triglycerides) was recorded in fish fed QS and/or VE compared to CG with the best values in QS/VE. Digestive enzyme activity (lipase, amylase) and oxidative parameters (SOD, CAT) were significantly increased with QS and/or VE dietary supplementation, and the best findings were recorded in QS/VE. Gill necrotic tissues were alleviated in fish fed QS or/and VE. The intestinal health (villi length, villi surface area, and goblet cells count) showed a significant improvement by dietary QS or/and VE, with the best findings in fish received QS/VE. In conclusion, QS and/or VE's dietary supplementation improves water quality, fish performance, blood health, gills, and intestine health of Nile tilapia.

本研究旨在评估皂荚木(QS) 和维生素 E (VE) 对尼罗罗非鱼鱼种的水质、鱼类性能和健康的协同作用。鱼 (N = 120, 12.75 ± 0.289 g) 一式三份随机分布到四个实验组中。(1)对照组(CG)，鱼接受基础饮食；(2) Quillaja saponaria group (QS)，鱼接受含有300 mg kg ^-1 QS提取物的基础饲料；(3)维生素E组(VE)，鱼接受补充400 mg kg ^-1 VE的基础饮食；(4) QS/VE 组，鱼接受基础饲料补充 300 mg kg ^-1 QS 提取物和 400 mg kg ^-1的混合物VE。鱼喂食实验饮食（30/6，蛋白质/脂质比）60 天。结果显示，与 CG 相比，饲喂 QS/VE、VE 和 QS 的鱼的总氨氮和未结合氨显着降低。与 CG 相比，提供 QS 和/或 VE 的鱼在生长和饲料利用指数方面表现出显着改善（P < 0.05)，QS/VE组效果最好。QS 和/或 VE 的膳食补充剂没有改善血液学参数。然而，与 QS/VE 最佳值的 CG 相比，饲喂 QS 和/或 VE 的鱼的血清分析（总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、A/G 比、胆固醇和甘油三酯）有显着改善。消化酶活性（脂肪酶、淀粉酶）​​和氧化参数（SOD、CAT）随着 QS 和/或 VE 膳食补充剂的增加而显着增加，最好的结果记录在 QS/VE 中。饲喂QS或/和VE的鱼的鳃坏死组织得到缓解。肠道健康（绒毛长度、绒毛表面积和杯状细胞计数）通过饮食 QS 或/和 VE 显示出显着改善，在接受 QS/VE 的鱼中发现最好。总之，QS 和/或 VE'