The world has been challenged since late 2019 by COVID-19. Higher education institutions have faced various challenges in adapting online education to control the pandemic spread of COVID-19. The present study aims to conduct a survey study through the interview and scrutinizing the literature to find the key challenges. Subsequently, an integrated MCDM framework, including Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Multiple Objective Optimization based on Ratio Analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form (MULTIMOORA), is developed. The SWARA procedure is applied to the analysis and assesses the challenges to adapt the online education during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the MULTIMOORA approach is utilized to rank the higher education institutions on hesitant fuzzy sets. Further, an illustrative case study is considered to express the proposed idea's feasibility and efficacy in real-world decision-making. Finally, the obtained result is compared with other existing approaches, confirming the proposed framework's strength and steadiness. The identified challenges were systemic, pedagogical, and psychological challenges, while the analysis results found that the pedagogical challenges, including the lack of experience and student engagement, were the main essential challenges to adapting online education in higher education institutions during the COVID-19 outbreak.

自 2019 年底以来，世界一直受到 COVID-19 的挑战。高等教育机构在调整在线教育以控制 COVID-19 的大流行传播方面面临着各种挑战。本研究旨在通过访谈和仔细阅读文献进行调查研究，以找出关键挑战。随后，开发了一个集成的MCDM框架，包括逐步权重评估比分析（SWARA）和基于比分析加全乘形式的多目标优化（MULTIMOORA）。SWARA 程序应用于分析和评估在 COVID-19 爆发期间适应在线教育的挑战，并使用 MULTIMOORA 方法对犹豫模糊集的高等教育机构进行排名。进一步，一个说明性的案例研究被认为可以表达所提出的想法在现实世界决策中的可行性和有效性。最后，将所得结果与其他现有方法进行比较，证实了所提出框架的强度和稳定性。确定的挑战是系统性、教学和心理挑战，而分析结果发现，教学挑战，包括缺乏经验和学生参与，是在 COVID-19 爆发期间适应高等教育机构在线教育的主要基本挑战.