Our understanding of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function has progressed remarkably over the past decades in part due to theoretical advances in associative and reinforcement learning theories. These theoretical accounts of OFC function have implicated the region in progressively more psychologically refined processes from the value and sensory-specific properties of expected outcomes to the representation and inference over latent state representations in cognitive maps of task space. While these accounts have been successful at modeling many of the effects of causal manipulation of OFC function in both rodents and primates, recent findings suggest that further refinement of our current models are still required. Here, we briefly review how our understanding of OFC function has developed to understand two cardinal deficits following OFC dysfunction: Reversal learning and outcome devaluation. We then consider recent findings that OFC dysfunction also significantly affects initial acquisition learning, often assumed to be intact. To account for these findings, we consider a possible role for the OFC in the arbitration and exploration between model-free (MF) and model-based (MB) learning systems, offline updating of MB representations. While the function of the OFC as a whole is still likely to be integral to the formation and use of a cognitive map of task space, these refinements suggest a way in which distinct orbital subregions, such as the rodent lateral OFC, might contribute to this overall function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

啮齿动物外侧眶额皮质作为仲裁者在基于模型和无模型学习系统之间进行选择。

在过去的几十年中，我们对眶额皮层 (OFC) 功能的理解取得了显着进展，部分原因是联想和强化学习理论的理论进步。OFC 功能的这些理论解释表明，该区域在从预期结果的价值和感官特定属性到任务空间认知地图中潜在状态表示的表示和推断的心理过程中逐渐变得更加精细。虽然这些帐户已经成功地模拟了啮齿类动物和灵长类动物 OFC 功能的因果操纵的许多影响，但最近的研究结果表明，我们目前的模型仍然需要进一步完善。这里，我们简要回顾了我们对 OFC 功能的理解如何发展以了解 OFC 功能障碍后的两个主要缺陷：逆转学习和结果贬值。然后我们考虑最近的发现，即 OFC 功能障碍也显着影响初始习得学习，通常被认为是完整的。为了解释这些发现，我们考虑 OFC 在无模型 (MF) 和基于模型 (MB) 学习系统之间的仲裁和探索中的可能作用，以及 MB 表示的离线更新。虽然 OFC 的整体功能仍然可能是任务空间认知图的形成和使用不可或缺的一部分，但这些改进表明了一种方式，不同的轨道子区域，如啮齿动物的横向 OFC，可能对此有所贡献。整体功能。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，