The eddy-resolving (1/12°) global ocean reanalysis GLORYS12 is assessed against 14 years (2002–2015) of independent hydrographic observations collected at 59.5°N in the North Atlantic. Two multi-observations statistical analyses, ISAS-15 and ARMOR-3D, and an eddy-permitting (1/4°) reanalysis, GLORYS025, also contribute to this comparison. The mean thermohaline structure along the 59.5°N section revealed by the observations is well-reproduced by GLORYS12, except for the overflow waters. A good agreement with observations is found for linear trends over the whole period, exhibiting a dipole-like pattern with a cooling/freshening in the main thermocline and a warming/salinization below. However, localized discrepancies with observations suggest the need for improvement in the reanalysis system (especially in the overflows representation and the consistency between the forcing and data assimilation system) and the deep observational array. The reanalysis reliably represents the ocean heat content in the upper 700-m layer but shows significant differences with observations between 700 and 2,000 m. The meridional volume and heat transports across the 59.5°N section are compared for years when ADCP observations were available. The reanalysis does not reproduce the variability observed in the western boundary current but agrees well with observed transports in the other parts of the section. The reanalysis reproduces the major mesoscale eddy features that contribute to the meridional transport and provides the large-scale context of their location. The analysis of time correlation at all measurement points demonstrated that GLORYS12 is the most accurate among the analyzed datasets used in this study to represent and explain the observed ocean characteristics and variability along that section.

中文翻译：

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使用大西洋 59.5°N 剖面的 14 年仪器记录评估涡旋 (1/12°) 海洋再分析 GLORYS12

涡旋分辨 (1/12°) 全球海洋再分析 GLORYS12 根据 14 年 (2002-2015) 在北大西洋 59.5°N 收集的独立水文观测进行评估。两个多观测统计分析，ISAS-15 和 ARMOR-3D，以及允许涡流 (1/4°) 再分析，GLORYS025，也有助于这种比较。观测揭示的 59.5°N 剖面的平均温盐结构被 GLORYS12 很好地再现，除了溢流水。发现整个时期的线性趋势与观测结果非常吻合，呈现出类似偶极子的模式，主跃层出现冷却/清新，下方出现变暖/盐渍化。然而，与观测的局部差异表明需要改进再分析系统（特别是在溢流表示以及强迫和资料同化系统之间的一致性）和深部观测阵列。再分析可靠地代表了上 700 米层的海洋热含量，但显示出与 700 米和 2,000 米之间的观测存在显着差异。当 ADCP 观测数据可用时，对 59.5°N 截面的经向体积和热量传输进行了多年比较。再分析没有再现在西部边界流中观察到的变化，但与在该剖面其他部分观察到的传输非常吻合。再分析再现了有助于经向传输的主要中尺度涡旋特征，并提供了其位置的大尺度背景。所有测量点的时间相关性分析表明，GLORYS12 是本研究中用于表示和解释沿该部分观测到的海洋特征和变化的分析数据集中最准确的。