Cancer immunotherapies have rapidly changed the therapeutic landscape for cancer. Nevertheless, most of the patients show innate or acquired resistance to these therapies. Studies conducted in recent years have highlighted an emerging role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in immune regulation that shapes the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and influences response to cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we outline recent advances in the understanding of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CAFs. We will focus on emerging roles of CAFs in shaping the TIME, especially under a framework of tumor immunity continuum, and discuss current and future CAF-targeting therapeutic strategies in particular in the context of optimizing the success of immunotherapies.

中文翻译：

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癌症相关成纤维细胞：塑造肿瘤免疫微环境的关键参与者

癌症免疫疗法迅速改变了癌症的治疗前景。尽管如此，大多数患者对这些疗法表现出先天或后天的抵抗力。近年来进行的研究强调了癌症相关成纤维细胞 (CAF) 在塑造肿瘤免疫微环境 (TIME) 并影响对癌症免疫疗法的反应的免疫调节中的新兴作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了在理解 CAF 表型和功能异质性方面的最新进展。我们将重点关注 CAF 在塑造 TIME 方面的新兴作用，特别是在肿瘤免疫连续体的框架下，并讨论当前和未来的 CAF 靶向治疗策略，特别是在优化免疫治疗成功的背景下。