Liquid biopsy is now considered a valuable diagnostic tool for advanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been shown to increase the chances of identifying the presence of targetable mutations and has been adopted by many clinicians owing to its low risk. Serial monitoring of ctDNA may also help assess the treatment response or for monitoring relapse. As the presence of detectable plasma ctDNA post-surgery likely indicates residual tumor burden, studies have been performed to quantify plasma ctDNA to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) in early-stage resected NSCLC. Most data on utilizing liquid biopsy for monitoring MRD in early-stage NSCLC are from small-scale studies using ctDNA. Here, we review the recent research on liquid biopsy in NSCLC, not limited to ctDNA, and focus on novel methods such as micro RNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding (lncRNA).

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液体活检用于早期非小细胞肺癌治疗监测

液体活检现在被认为是晚期转移性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的有价值的诊断工具。在 NSCLC 中，循环肿瘤 DNA (ctDNA) 分析已被证明可以增加识别靶向突变存在的机会，并且由于其风险较低，已被许多临床医生采用。ctDNA 的连续监测也可能有助于评估治疗反应或监测复发。由于术后可检测到的血浆 ctDNA 的存在可能表明残留的肿瘤负荷，因此已经进行了量化血浆 ctDNA 的研究，以评估早期切除的 NSCLC 中的微小残留病 (MRD)。大多数利用液体活检监测早期 NSCLC MRD 的数据都来自使用 ctDNA 的小规模研究。在此，我们回顾了近年来NSCLC液体活检的研究，不限于ctDNA，重点关注微小RNA（miRNA）和长非编码（lncRNA）等新方法。