Objective

To characterize the association between residential environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and depression and anxiety, given prior associations among occupationally-exposed workers.

Methods

We administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to 697 study participants in their preferred languages. These participants represented a population-based sample of residents aged ≥40 from two predominantly Black African communities in Gauteng province, South Africa: 605 in Meyerton, adjacent to a large Mn smelter, and 92 in Ethembalethu, a comparable non-exposed community. We investigated the associations between community (Meyerton vs. Ethembalethu) and severity of depression and anxiety, using linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. To document community-level differences in Mn exposure, we measured airborne PM_2.5-Mn.

Results

Meyerton residents had BDI scores 5.63 points (95 % CI 3.07, 8.20) higher than Ethembalethu residents, with all questions contributing to this significant difference. STAI-state scores were marginally higher in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents [2.12 (95 % CI -0.17, 4.41)], whereas STAI-trait scores were more similar between the communities [1.26 (95 % CI -0.82, 3.35)]. Mean PM_2.5-Mn concentration was 203 ng/m³ at a long-term fixed site in Meyerton and 10 ng/m³ in Ethembalethu.

Conclusion

Residence near Mn emission sources may be associated with greater depression symptomatology, and possibly current, but not lifetime, anxiety.

中文翻译：

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锰暴露社区的抑郁和焦虑

客观的

考虑到职业暴露工人之间的先前关联，描述住宅环境锰 (Mn) 暴露与抑郁和焦虑之间的关联。

方法

我们对 697 名研究参与者的首选语言进行了贝克抑郁量表 (BDI) 和状态特质焦虑量表 (STAI)。这些参与者代表了来自南非豪登省两个以黑人为主的非洲社区的 40 岁以上居民的人口样本：Meyerton 有 605 人，毗邻一家大型锰冶炼厂，Ethembalethu 有 92 人，这是一个类似的非暴露社区。我们使用线性回归，调整了年龄和性别，调查了社区（Meyerton 与 Ethembalethu）与抑郁和焦虑严重程度之间的关联。为了记录社区层面的锰暴露差异，我们测量了空气中的 PM _2.5 -Mn。

结果

Meyerton 居民的 BDI 得分比 Ethembalethu 居民高 5.63 分 (95 % CI 3.07, 8.20)，所有问题都导致了这一显着差异。Meyerton 的 STAI 状态分数略高于 Ethembalethu 居民 [2.12 (95 % CI -0.17, 4.41)]，而社区之间的 STAI 特征分数更相似 [1.26 (95 % CI -0.82, 3.35)]。在 Meyerton的一个长期固定地点，平均 PM _2.5 -Mn 浓度为 203 ng/m ^{3 ，在 Ethembalethu 为 10 ng/m 3}。

结论

居住在锰排放源附近可能与更大的抑郁症状相关，并且可能与当前但不是终生的焦虑有关。