Many languages have particle verbs like meegeven in Dutch, in which a particle (“mee”, with) sometimes appears independently from the root verb (“geven”, give). To investigate whether particle verbs and their root verbs share a lexical-syntactic (lemma) representation, we tested whether structural priming (the tendency for speakers to repeat sentence structure) is boosted by lexical overlap between prime and target verbs. Priming was larger with repetition of the identical verb than with root-only repetition and larger with particle-only repetition than without lexical repetition. These findings support a dual-lemma representation for particle verbs: one lemma represents the verb-particle combination (separately from the root), another lemma represents the particle (shared with other particle verbs). Finally, priming was larger from root to particle verb than between two different particle verbs with identical roots, suggesting that particle-verb lemmas are connected to their root-verb lemmas but not to each other.

许多语言都有助词动词，如荷兰语中的meegeven，其中助词（“mee”，with）有时独立于词根动词（“geven”，give）出现。为了研究助词动词及其词根动词是否共享词汇-句法（引理）表示，我们测试了结构启动（说话者重复句子结构的趋势）由主要动词和目标动词之间的词汇重叠增强。重复相同动词的启动比仅词根重复更大，仅粒子重复比没有词汇重复更大。这些发现支持助词动词的双引理表示：一个引理表示动词-助词组合（与词根分开），另一个引理表示助词（与其他助词动词共享）。最后，从词根到助词动词的启动比在两个具有相同词根的不同助词动词之间更大，这表明助词-动词引理与其根-动词引理相连，而不是彼此相连。