Pyrethroids (deltamethrin) are increasingly being used in modern agriculture. In addition, cadmium (Cd) has considerable use in a wide spectrum of industrial fields. Consequently, combined pollution with deltamethrin (DM) and Cd is a common phenomenon in soil. In this study, the toxic effects of DM and Cd were investigated alone and in combination. Plant tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were treated with deltamethrin (25 µM) or Cd (100 µM) or with DM–Cd co-contamination for 7 days. Both DM and Cd were significantly affected growth rate and reduced the levels of photosynthetic pigments though Cd seemed to be more deleterious than DM. Furthermore, DM and Cd induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, upregulated of anti-oxidative enzyme activities (APX, CAT, POD and PAL) and non-enzymatic such as proline, and reduced glutathione. These results revealed that oxidative stress is involved in the toxicity of DM and Cd, and proved that under a co-exposing condition, DM and Cd had a synergistic effect on the growth and content of photosynthetic pigments and an antagonistic interaction on antioxidant defense. Further studies on mixture toxicities are needed to explore the detailed mechanism of synergetic interaction to improve the environmental risk assessment of chemicals by applying the OMIC approaches.

拟除虫菊酯（溴氰菊酯）越来越多地用于现代农业。此外，镉 (Cd) 在广泛的工业领域中具有相当大的用途。因此，溴氰菊酯 (DM) 和 Cd 的复合污染是土壤中的普遍现象。在这项研究中，DM 和 Cd 的毒性作用单独和组合进行了研究。植物番茄 ( Solanum lycopersicumL.) 用溴氰菊酯 (25 µM) 或 Cd (100 µM) 或 DM-Cd 共污染处理 7 天。DM 和 Cd 都显着影响了生长速度并降低了光合色素的水平，尽管 Cd 似乎比 DM 更有害。此外，DM 和 Cd 诱导过氧化氢积累、脂质过氧化、抗氧化酶活性（APX、CAT、POD 和 PAL）和非酶活性（如脯氨酸）和还原型谷胱甘肽的上调。这些结果表明氧化应激与DM和Cd的毒性有关，并证明在共暴露条件下，DM和Cd对光合色素的生长和含量具有协同作用，对抗氧化防御具有拮抗作用。