The unprecedented restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic altered our daily habits and severely affected our well-being and physiology. The effect of these changes is yet to be fully understood. Here, we analysed highly detailed data on 169 participants for two to six months, before and during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. We extracted 12 well-being indicators from sensory data of smartwatches and from self-reported questionnaires, filled daily using a designated mobile application. We found that, in general, lockdowns resulted in significant changes in mood, sleep duration, sport duration, social encounters, resting heart rate and number of steps. Examining subpopulations, we found that younger participants (aged 20–40 years) suffered from a greater decline in mood and number of steps than older participants (aged 60–80 years). Likewise, women suffered from a higher increase in stress and reduction in social encounters than men. Younger early chronotypes did not increase their sleep duration and exhibited the highest drop in mood. Our findings underscore that while lockdowns severely impacted our well-being and physiology in general, greater damage has been identified in certain subpopulations. Accordingly, special attention should be given to younger people, who are usually not in the focus of social support, and to women.

由于 COVID-19 大流行而施加的前所未有的限制改变了我们的日常习惯，并严重影响了我们的福祉和生理机能。这些变化的影响尚未完全了解。在此，我们分析了以色列第二次 COVID-19 封锁之前和期间 2 至 6 个月内 169 名参与者的高度详细数据。我们从智能手表的感官数据和每天使用指定移动应用程序填写的自我报告问卷中提取了 12 项幸福指数。我们发现，总的来说，封锁会导致情绪、睡眠时间、运动时间、社交活动、静息心率和步数发生显着变化。通过检查亚人群，我们发现年轻参与者（20-40 岁）比年长参与者（60-80 岁）情绪和步数下降幅度更大。同样，与男性相比，女性承受的压力更大，社交活动更少。年轻的早期睡眠类型并没有增加他们的睡眠时间，并且表现出最高的情绪下降。我们的研究结果强调，虽然封锁总体上严重影响了我们的福祉和生理机能，但某些亚人群受到的损害更大。因此，应特别关注通常不属于社会支持焦点的年轻人和妇女。