ABSTRACT

This paper aims to show that trumping is a cognitive strategy that exploits the salience gap between the literal and figurative meaning of an expression, which is used by female comedians to attack certain targets with different humour markers such as polysemy, metonymy or metaphors. In order to verify this hypothesis, we have analysed the FEMMES-UP corpus, which gathers 15 humorous stand-up comedy acts from 15 female Spanish comedians. The corpus has been transcribed and segmented into 504 sequences. The analysis reveals that trumping is used in 67 of these sequences, that is, in 13.5% of the cases. We have been able to identify five types of trumping: homophonic, syntactic, metonymic, metaphorical and referential. Results showed that the most frequently used types are metonymic, syntactic and metaphorical, although these can also be used simultaneously, e.g., syntactic and metaphorical trumping. Findings also evidence that trumping acts as a rhetorical-pragmatic strategy for the female comedians to disassociate themselves from certain gender-based behavioural norms, to construct alternative identities and to question some heteronormative norms in a creative, humorous fashion.

摘要

本文旨在表明王牌是一种认知策略，它利用表达的字面意义和比喻意义之间的显着差距，女性喜剧演员使用这种差距来攻击具有不同幽默标记（如多义、转喻或隐喻）的某些目标。为了验证这一假设，我们分析了 FEMMES-UP 语料库，该语料库收集了来自 15 位西班牙女性喜剧演员的 15 部幽默单口喜剧表演。语料库已被转录并分割成504个序列。分析表明，在这些序列中的 67 个中使用了王牌，即在 13.5% 的情况下。我们已经能够识别出五种类型的王牌：谐音、句法、转喻、隐喻和指称。结果表明，最常用的类型是转喻、句法和隐喻，虽然这些也可以同时使用，例如，句法和隐喻的胜过。调查结果还证明，王牌是女性喜剧演员的一种修辞-实用策略，可以使自己与某些基于性别的行为规范脱节，构建另类身份，并以创造性、幽默的方式质疑一些异性恋规范。