ABSTRACT

Event-related misinformation that has been retracted often continues to influence later reasoning regarding the event; this is known as the continued influence effect. To explain this effect, most research has focused on factors governing retrieval of the misinformation and its retraction from long-term memory. However, recent research has begun to investigate working memory (WM) capacity as a predictor of continued influence, based on WM’s assumed role in information integration and updating following retraction encoding. The present study explored (1) whether memory for the materials more generally predicts continued influence, based on the notion that high-fidelity event representations may be easier to update, and (2) investigated the specific WM updating process of removal, testing whether participants’ ability to remove information from WM would predict their susceptibility to continued influence. Latent-variable modelling suggested that memory for the materials but not WM capacity and removal efficiency were significant predictors of continued influence.

摘要

已撤回的与事件相关的错误信息通常会继续影响以后对该事件的推理；这被称为持续影响效应。为了解释这种影响，大多数研究都集中在控制错误信息检索及其从长期记忆中撤回的因素上。然而，最近的研究已经开始调查工作记忆 (WM) 容量作为持续影响的预测指标，基于 WM 在信息集成和缩回编码后更新中的假定作用。本研究基于高保真事件表示可能更容易更新的概念，探讨了 (1) 对材料的记忆是否更普遍地预测了持续的影响，以及 (2) 调查了具体的 WM 更新删除过程，测试参与者从 WM 中删除信息的能力是否会预测他们对持续影响的敏感性。潜变量模型表明，材料的记忆而非 WM 容量和去除效率是持续影响的重要预测因素。